{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T17:47:22Z","timestamp":1788284842362,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001407","name":"Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001407","name":"Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014825","name":"Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014825","name":"Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001843","name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) due to severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection leads to life-threatening pneumonia which has been associated with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pathologies. Centuries-old Asian traditional medicines such as\n                    <jats:italic>Withania somnifera<\/jats:italic>\n                    (L.) Dunal (WS) and\n                    <jats:italic>Tinospora cordifolia (<\/jats:italic>\n                    Willd.) Miers (TC) possess potent immunomodulatory effects and were used by the AYUSH ministry, in India during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the present study, we investigated WS and TC\u2019s anti-viral and immunomodulatory efficacy at the human equivalent doses using suitable\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    models. While both WS and TC showed immuno-modulatory potential, WS showed robust protection against loss in body weight, viral load, and pulmonary pathology in the hamster model of SARS-CoV2.\n                    <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    pretreatment of mice and human neutrophils with WS and TC had no adverse effect on PMA, calcium ionophore, and TRLM-induced ROS generation, phagocytosis, bactericidal activity, and NETs formation. Interestingly, WS significantly suppressed the pro-inflammatory cytokines-induced Th1, Th2, and Th17 differentiation. We also used hACE2 transgenic mice to further investigate the efficacy of WS against acute SARS-CoV2 infection. Prophylactic treatment of WS in the hACE2 mice model showed significant protection against body weight loss, inflammation, and the lung viral load. The results obtained indicate that WS promoted the immunosuppressive environment in the hamster and hACE2 transgenic mice models and limited the worsening of the disease by reducing inflammation, suggesting that WS might be useful against other acute viral infections. The present study thus provides pre-clinical efficacy data to demonstrate a robust protective effect of WS against COVID-19 through its broader immunomodulatory activity\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1138215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T00:59:20Z","timestamp":1678150760000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Pharmacological potential of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal and Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers on the experimental models of COVID-19, T cell differentiation, and neutrophil functions"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zaigham Abbas","family":"Rizvi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prabhakar","family":"Babele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Upasna","family":"Madan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srikanth","family":"Sadhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manas Ranjan","family":"Tripathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Goswami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shailendra","family":"Mani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhu","family":"Dikshit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Awasthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.18931","article-title":"Estimated global proportions of individuals with persistent fatigue, cognitive, and respiratory symptom clusters following symptomatic COVID-19 in 2020 and 2021","volume":"328","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2022483","article-title":"An mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 \u2014 preliminary report","volume":"383","author":"Jackson","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1070-6","article-title":"Ad26 vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 severe clinical disease in hamsters","volume":"26","author":"Tostanoski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-020-00720-9","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccines: Where we stand and challenges ahead","volume":"28","author":"Forni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-021-00626-3","article-title":"Potential therapeutic options for COVID-19: An update on current evidence","volume":"27","author":"Niknam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.50674","article-title":"COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): Clinical features and differences from typical pre-COVID-19 ARDS","volume":"213","author":"Gibson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China","volume":"382","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00355-9","article-title":"Pathological features of COVID-19-associated lung injury: A preliminary proteomics report based on clinical samples","volume":"5","author":"Leng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Targeted Ther"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30235-8","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2: Virus dynamics and host response","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-0413-9","article-title":"COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease: from basic mechanisms to clinical perspectives","volume":"17","author":"Nishiga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-321269","article-title":"COVID-19 and immunomodulation in IBD","volume":"69","author":"Neurath","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.03.031","article-title":"Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses","volume":"87","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04385-3","article-title":"Omicron escapes the majority of existing SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies","volume":"602","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abl8506","article-title":"Molecular basis of immune evasion by the delta and kappa SARS-CoV-2 variants","volume":"374","author":"McCallum","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2007764","article-title":"Remdesivir for the treatment of covid-19 \u2014 final report","volume":"383","author":"Beigel","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2021436","article-title":"Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with covid-19","volume":"384","author":"Horby","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-00421-x","article-title":"After 62 years of regulating immunity, dexamethasone meets COVID-19","volume":"20","author":"Cain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9051583","article-title":"Herbal medicine for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"9","author":"Ang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2021579118","article-title":"Identification of existing pharmaceuticals and herbal medicines as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"118","author":"Jan","year":"2021","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.01189","article-title":"Medicinal plants as sources of active molecules against COVID-19","volume":"11","author":"Benarba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.10.019","article-title":"Multifunctional neuroprotective effect of withanone, a compound from withania somnifera roots in alleviating cognitive dysfunction","volume":"102","author":"Pandey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2020.1869588","article-title":"Withanolides from withania somnifera as an immunity booster and their therapeutic options against COVID-19","volume":"40","author":"Khanal","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Biomol Structure Dyn"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.53411\/jpadr.2022.3.2.5","article-title":"Anti-viral activity of withania somnifera phytoconstituents against corona virus (SARS-COV-2)","volume":"3","author":"Parihar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pharmacovigilance Drug Res"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.933824","article-title":"Withania somnifera (L.) dunal (Ashwagandha) for the possible therapeutics and clinical management of SARS-CoV-2 infection: Plant-based drug discovery and targeted therapy","volume":"12","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2020.1810778","article-title":"Targeting COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease through active phytochemicals of ayurvedic medicinal plants \u2013 withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) and ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) \u2013 a molecular docking study","volume":"40","author":"Shree","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Biomol Struct Dyn"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2020.1775704","article-title":"Withanone and withaferin-a are predicted to interact with transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and block entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells","volume":"40","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Biomol Struct Dyn"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10661","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-90181-y","article-title":"Withaferin a inhibits lymphocyte proliferation, dendritic cell maturation in vitro and prolongs islet allograft survival","volume":"11","author":"Kumano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.973768","article-title":"In vitro effect of withania somnifera, AYUSH-64, and remdesivir on the activity of CYP-450 enzymes: Implications for possible herb-drug interactions in the management of COVID-19","volume":"13","author":"Kasarla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010994","article-title":"A broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody overcomes the mutational landscape of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern","volume":"18","author":"Parray","year":"2022","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.73522","article-title":"Golden Syrian hamster as a model to study cardiovascular complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"11","author":"Rizvi","year":"2022","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.945583","article-title":"Prophylactic treatment of glycyrrhiza glabra mitigates COVID-19 pathology through inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hamster model and NETosis","volume":"13","author":"Rizvi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.04.07.487556","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, but not omicron, induces thymic atrophy and impaired T cell development","author":"Rizvi","year":"2022"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.746729","article-title":"Effect of prophylactic use of intranasal oil formulations in the hamster model of COVID-19","volume":"12","author":"Rizvi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1010465","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010465","article-title":"A combination of potently neutralizing monoclonal antibodies isolated from an Indian convalescent donor protects against the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant","volume":"18","author":"Hingankar","year":"2022","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0210116","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210116","article-title":"Evidence of CD1d pathway of lipid antigen presentation in mouse primary lung epithelial cells and its up-regulation upon mycobacterium bovis BCG infection","volume":"13","author":"Rizvi","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abg5016","article-title":"High-salt diet mediates interplay between NK cells and gut microbiota to induce potent tumor immunity","volume":"7","author":"Rizvi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3182","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23042-x","article-title":"EGFR-HIF1\u03b1 signaling positively regulates the differentiation of IL-9 producing T helper cells","volume":"12","author":"Roy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.648710","article-title":"Gefitinib results in robust host-directed immunity against salmonella infection through proteo-metabolomic reprogramming","volume":"12","author":"Sadhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00674-6","article-title":"Transcription factor Foxo1 is essential for IL-9 induction in T helper cells","volume":"8","author":"Malik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2016.06.002","article-title":"High oxidative stress adversely affects NF\u03baB mediated induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase in human neutrophils: Implications in chronic myeloid leukemia","volume":"58","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2012.4970","article-title":"Interaction of inducible nitric oxide synthase with Rac2 regulates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation in the human neutrophil phagosomes: Implication in microbial killing","volume":"20","author":"Jyoti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signaling"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa325","article-title":"Simulation of the clinical and pathological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a golden Syrian hamster model: Implications for disease pathogenesis and transmissibility","volume":"71","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2342-5","article-title":"Pathogenesis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in golden hamsters","volume":"583","author":"Sia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1051-9","article-title":"An inflammatory cytokine signature predicts COVID-19 severity and survival","volume":"26","author":"Del Valle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.016","article-title":"Covid-19 hyperinflammation and post-Covid-19 illness may be rooted in mast cell activation syndrome","volume":"100","author":"Afrin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2007.00509.x","article-title":"Mast cell tryptases and chymases in inflammation and host defense","volume":"217","author":"Caughey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.8.5208","article-title":"Regulatory effects of eotaxin on acute lung inflammatory injury","volume":"166","author":"Guo","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201007","article-title":"The TLR7\/8 agonist CL097 primes N-Formyl-Methionyl-Leucyl-Phenylalanine\u2013stimulated NADPH oxidase activation in human neutrophils: Critical role of p47phox phosphorylation and the proline isomerase Pin1","volume":"189","author":"Makni-Maalej","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20201012","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps infiltrate the lung airway, interstitial, and vascular compartments in severe COVID-19","volume":"217","author":"Radermecker","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.24437","article-title":"Diverse stimuli engage different neutrophil extracellular trap pathways","volume":"6","author":"Kenny","year":"2017","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.624483","article-title":"T-Helper cell subset response is a determining factor in COVID-19 progression","volume":"11","author":"Gil-Etayo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.05.015","article-title":"Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals","volume":"181","author":"Grifoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-020-04066-7","article-title":"Signals of Th2 immune response from COVID-19 patients requiring intensive care","volume":"99","author":"Roncati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10061550","article-title":"The role of Th17 response in COVID-19","volume":"10","author":"Martonik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21134782","article-title":"Immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection: Immune cells and mediators, prognostic factors, and immune-therapeutic implications","volume":"21","author":"Allegra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0778-2","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection of human ACE2-transgenic mice causes severe lung inflammation and impaired function","volume":"21","author":"Winkler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-0148-4","article-title":"Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of COVID-19: a descriptive and predictive study","volume":"5","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sig Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-03125-1","article-title":"Early expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells inhibits SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response and may predict fatal COVID-19 outcome","volume":"11","author":"Sacchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.589998","article-title":"In search of herbal anti-SARS-Cov2 compounds","volume":"11","author":"Matveeva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14030611","article-title":"Withania somnifera: Progress towards a pharmaceutical agent for immunomodulation and cancer therapeutics","volume":"14","author":"Kashyap","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02437","article-title":"The chemical constituents and diverse pharmacological importance of tinospora cordifolia","volume":"5","author":"Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chmed.2021.06.002","article-title":"Dual inhibition of COVID-19 spike glycoprotein and main protease 3CLpro by withanone from withania somnifera","volume":"13","author":"Patil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin Herbal Medicines"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02099","article-title":"Metabolic insight of neutrophils in health and disease","volume":"10","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0711387","article-title":"Myeloperoxidase associated with neutrophil extracellular traps is active and mediates bacterial killing in the presence of hydrogen peroxide","volume":"91","author":"Parker","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1414055112","article-title":"SK3 channel and mitochondrial ROS mediate NADPH oxidase-independent NETosis induced by calcium influx","volume":"112","author":"Douda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S0006297920100065","article-title":"NETosis: Molecular mechanisms, role in physiology and pathology","volume":"85","author":"Vorobjeva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem Moscow"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10715762.2010.540242","article-title":"EPR detection of cellular and mitochondrial superoxide using cyclic hydroxylamines","volume":"45","author":"Dikalov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Free Radical Res"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.838011","article-title":"NETosis and neutrophil extracellular traps in COVID-19: Immunothrombosis and beyond","volume":"13","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2016.01.004","article-title":"Oxidized LDL induced extracellular trap formation in human neutrophils via TLR-PKC-IRAK-MAPK and NADPH-oxidase activation","volume":"93","author":"Awasthi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Free Radical Biol Med"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10715762.2019.1566605","article-title":"L-arginine and tetrahydrobiopterin supported nitric oxide production is crucial for the microbicidal activity of neutrophils","volume":"53","author":"Nagarkoti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Free Radical Res"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1594972","type":"corrigendum","label":"Corrigendum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000}}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1138215\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T10:49:58Z","timestamp":1746442198000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1138215\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1138215"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1138215","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"article-number":"1138215"}}