{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T09:23:05Z","timestamp":1791969785679,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is an important cytokine involved in the innate and adaptive immune responses. The role of IL-32 has been studied in the context of various diseases. A growing body of research has investigated the role of IL-32 in rheumatic diseases including inflammatory arthritides (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis) and connective tissue diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, granulomatosis and polyangiitis, and giant cell arteritis). IL-32 has been shown to play different roles according to the type of rheumatic diseases. Hence, the putative role of IL-32 as a biomarker is also different in each rheumatic disease: IL-32 could serve as a biomarker for disease activity in some diseases, whereas in other diseases it could be a biomarker for certain disease manifestations. In this narrative review, we summarize the associations between IL-32 and various rheumatic diseases and discuss the putative role of IL-32 as a biomarker in each disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1140373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T01:22:26Z","timestamp":1676424146000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Interleukin-32 as a biomarker in rheumatic diseases: A narrative review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Oh 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