{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:18:57Z","timestamp":1791929937494,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sjogren\u2019s syndrome is an autoimmune disease that commonly involves exocrinopathy. Although studies have reported psychiatric manifestations resulting from Sjogren\u2019s syndrome, few studies have focused on such manifestations in pediatric patients. Herein, we present a case of an adolescent girl with depression and involuntary self-harm behaviors related to Sjogren\u2019s syndrome with central nervous system involvement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 15-year-old girl, with an underlying history of epilepsy, developed depressive symptoms of a year\u2019s duration, accompanied by three seizure episodes and involuntary self-harm behaviors. The self-harm behaviors, which included head banging and arm scratching, were sudden onset, involuntary, and unable to be recalled afterwards. After admission to our ward, the patient was positive for serum antinuclear antibodies and Schirmer\u2019s test. Moreover, 24-hour electroencephalography revealed epileptiform discharges during the mood swing episodes. Positive findings for antinuclear antibodies and anti-SSA antibodies in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid, suggested central nervous system involvement in Sjogren\u2019s syndrome. After rituximab treatment, her mood became euthymic, and her involuntary self-harm behaviors ceased.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Central nervous system involvement leading to psychiatric presentations has rarely been reported in adolescents with Sjogren\u2019s syndrome. When treating adolescent patients with involuntary self-harm behaviors and neurological symptoms, it is crucial to consider autoimmune encephalitis related to Sjogren\u2019s syndrome in the differential diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1145948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T09:35:23Z","timestamp":1688117723000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Sjogren\u2019s syndrome related autoimmune encephalopathy presenting as depression and involuntary agitation in a 15-year-old girl: a case 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