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Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The relationship among microbiome, immunity and cervical cancer has been targeted by several studies, yet many questions remain unanswered. We characterized herein the virome and bacteriome from cervical samples and correlated these findings with innate immunity gene expression in a Brazilian convenience sample of HPV-infected (HPV+) and uninfected (HPV-) women. For this purpose, innate immune gene expression data were correlated to metagenomic information. Correlation analysis showed that interferon (IFN) is able to differentially modulate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expression based on HPV status. Virome analysis indicated that HPV infection correlates to the presence of <jats:italic>Anellovirus<\/jats:italic> (AV) and seven complete HPV genomes were assembled. Bacteriome results unveiled that vaginal community state types (CST) distribution was independent of HPV or AV status, although bacterial phyla distribution differed between groups. Furthermore, TLR3 and IFN\u03b1R2 levels were higher in the <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> no iners-dominated mucosa and we detected correlations among RIG-like receptors (RLR) associated genes and abundance of specific anaerobic bacteria. Collectively, our data show an intriguing connection between HPV and AV infections that could foster cervical cancer development. Besides that, TLR3 and IFN\u03b1R2 seem to create a protective milieu in healthy cervical mucosa (<jats:italic>L.<\/jats:italic> no iners-dominated), and RLRs, known to recognize viral RNA, were correlated to anaerobic bacteria suggesting that they might be related to dysbiosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1147950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T07:56:56Z","timestamp":1682409416000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Microbiome analysis of Brazilian women cervix reveals specific bacterial abundance correlation to RIG-like receptor gene expression"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Alan Messala A.","family":"Britto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliana D.","family":"Siqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gislaine","family":"Curty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Livia R.","family":"Goes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cintia","family":"Policarpo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela R.","family":"Meyrelles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yara","family":"Furtado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gutemberg","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Lucia M.","family":"Giannini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth S.","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelo A.","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Estimativa\/2020 - incid\u00eancia de c\u00e2ncer no Brasil","year":"2019"},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"Human papillomavirus and related diseases report world","author":"Bruni","year":"2021"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/S40168-016-0203-0","article-title":"The vaginal microbiota, human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: what do we know and where are we going next","volume":"4","author":"Mitra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(199909)189:1<12::AID-PATH431>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Human papillomavirus is a necessary cause of invasive cervical cancer worldwide","volume":"189","author":"Walboomers","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PPAT.1008524","article-title":"Microbiome factors in HPV-driven carcinogenesis and cancers","volume":"16","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2014.41","article-title":"Innate and adaptive immune responses in male and female reproductive tracts in homeostasis and following HIV infection","volume":"11","author":"Nguyen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13397","DOI":"10.3390\/IJMS222413397","article-title":"Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and RIG-I-Like receptors (RLRs) in innate immunity. 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