{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:24:30Z","timestamp":1787761470718,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]],"date-time":"2023-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YLZLXZ22K001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YLZLXZ22K001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous observational studies have reported the striking association between ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriasis, but the causal relationship between the two diseases remains unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis with methods of inverse-variance weighted, MR-Egger regression, weighted median, and weighted mode was conducted to evaluate the bidirectional causal associations between AS and psoriasis. Effective single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were selected as instrumental variables (IVs). Sensitivity analyses were also applied to verify whether heterogeneity and pleiotropy can bias the results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found positive causal effects of genetically increased AS risk on psoriasis (IVW: OR = 1.009, 95% CI = 1.005\u20131.012, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 8.07E-07). Comparable outcomes were acquired by MR-Egger regression, weighted median, and weighted mode approaches. Nevertheless, we did not find significant causal effects of psoriasis on AS (IVW: OR = 1.183, 95% CI = 0.137\u201310.199, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.879). The sensitivity analyses showed that the horizontal pleiotropy was unlikely to skew the causality. The leave-one-out analysis demonstrated that no single SNP can drive the MR estimates. No evidence of heterogeneity was found between the selected IVs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings provide evidence that AS has positive causal effects on the risk of psoriasis in the European population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1149206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]],"date-time":"2023-07-06T09:21:15Z","timestamp":1688635275000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Genetically predicted ankylosing spondylitis is causally associated with 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