{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:21:11Z","timestamp":1791566471677,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the clinical significance of the interferon (IFN) score, especially the IFN-I score, in patients with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) antibody-positive dermatomyositis (anti-MDA5<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> DM).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We enrolled 262 patients with different autoimmune diseases, including idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, adult-onset Still\u2019s disease, and Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome, as well as 58 healthy controls. Multiplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) using four TaqMan probes was used to evaluate type I IFN-stimulated genes (IFI44 and MX1), one type II IFN-stimulated gene (IRF1), and one internal control gene (HRPT1), which were used to determine the IFN-I score. The clinical features and disease activity index were compared between the high and low IFN-I score groups in 61 patients with anti-MDA5+ DM. The associations between laboratory findings and the predictive value of the baseline IFN-I score for mortality were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The IFN score was significantly higher in patients with anti-MDA5+ DM than in healthy controls. The IFN-I score was positively correlated with the serum IFN-\u03b1 concentration, ferritin concentration, and Myositis Disease Activity Assessment Visual Analogue Scale (MYOACT) score. Compared with patients with a low IFN-I score, patients with a high IFN-I score showed a higher MYOACT score, C-reactive protein concentration, aspartate transaminase concentration, ferritin concentration, plasma cell percentage, and CD3+ T-cell percentage, as well as lower lymphocyte, natural killer cell, and monocyte counts. The 3-month survival rate was significantly lower in patients with an IFN-I score of &amp;gt;4.9 than in those with an IFN-I score of \u22644.9 (72.9% <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 100%, respectively; P = 0.044).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The IFN score, especially the IFN-I score, measured by multiplex RT-qPCR is a valuable tool to monitor disease activity and predict mortality in patients with anti-MDA5+ DM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1151695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T05:22:57Z","timestamp":1679030577000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Type I interferon score is associated with the severity and poor prognosis in anti-MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis 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