{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:36:50Z","timestamp":1792154210351,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy complication associated with maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Among the potential pathogenesis discussed, inflammation is considered an essential initiator of PE. Previous studies have compared the levels of various inflammatory biomarkers that indicate the existence of PE; however, the relative levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory biomarkers and their dynamic changes during PE progression remain unclear. This knowledge is essential to explain the occurrence and progression of the disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to identify the relationship between inflammatory status and PE using inflammatory biomarkers as indicators. We also discussed the underlying mechanism by which inflammatory imbalance contributes to PE by comparing the relative levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory biomarkers. Furthermore, we identified additional risk factors for PE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We reviewed PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for articles published until 15<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> September 2022. Original articles that investigated inflammatory biomarkers in PE and normal pregnancy were included. We selected healthy pregnant women as controls. The inflammatory biomarkers in the case and control groups were expressed as standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals using a random-effects model. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Publication bias was assessed using Egger\u2019s test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirteen articles that investigated 2,549 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Patients with PE had significantly higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) than the controls. CRP and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were higher than those of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Patients with gestational age &amp;gt; 34 weeks had significantly higher IL-6 and TNF levels. Patients with higher systolic blood pressure had significantly higher IL-8, IL-10, and CRP levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inflammatory imbalance is an independent risk factor for PE development. Impairment of the anti-inflammatory system is a crucial initiating factor for PE development. Failed autoregulation, manifested as prolonged exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines, leads to PE progression. Higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers suggest more severe symptoms, and pregnant women after 34 weeks of gestation are more susceptible to PE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1156039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T14:50:40Z","timestamp":1685544640000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["The role of inflammatory biomarkers in the development and progression of pre-eclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xiaohan","family":"Guan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanwen","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingxuan","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caishun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunmei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaofan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiarun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0119-6","article-title":"Pre-eclampsia: pathogenesis, novel diagnostics and therapies","volume":"15","author":"Phipps","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/aog.0000000000003891","article-title":"Gestational hypertension and preeclampsia: acog practice bulletin, number 222","volume":"135","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.118.313276","article-title":"Preeclampsia: pathophysiology, challenges, and perspectives","volume":"124","author":"Rana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/nnr.0000000000000285","article-title":"Inflammatory markers and preeclampsia: a systematic review","volume":"67","author":"Black","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)32335-7","article-title":"Pre-eclampsia","volume":"398","author":"Chappell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2015.05.011","article-title":"Promising prognostic markers of preeclampsia: new avenues in waiting","volume":"136","author":"Jadli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2013.111","article-title":"C-reactive protein and hypertension","volume":"28","author":"Hage","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-019-01269-1","article-title":"Regulation of c-reactive protein conformation in inflammation","volume":"68","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflammation Res"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.116.303697","article-title":"Inflammation, immunity, and hypertensive end-organ damage","volume":"116","author":"McMaster","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00031.2016","article-title":"Role of the immune system in hypertension","volume":"97","author":"Rodriguez-Iturbe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-019-1003-2","article-title":"Pro-inflammatory cytokines and resistant hypertension: potential for novel treatments","volume":"21","author":"Pioli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpu100","article-title":"Cotreatment with interleukin 4 and interleukin 10 modulates immune cells and prevents hypertension in pregnant mice","volume":"28","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3109\/10641955.2015.1032054","article-title":"Il-10 supplementation increases tregs and decreases hypertension in the rupp rat model of preeclampsia","volume":"34","author":"Harmon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hypertens Preg."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-8871-2_21","article-title":"Renal effects of cytokines in hypertension","volume":"1165","author":"Wen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-018-0833-7","article-title":"The role of interleukin-10 in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia","volume":"20","author":"Cubro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2172-11-59","article-title":"Circulating cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia determined by multiplex suspension array","volume":"11","author":"Szarka","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Immunol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10641955.2013.806540","article-title":"Oxidative stress and immunological alteration in women with preeclampsia","volume":"32","author":"Silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hypertens Preg."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnr.2014.09.002","article-title":"Relationships among psychosocial factors, biomarkers, preeclampsia, and preterm birth in African American women: a pilot","volume":"28","author":"Giurgescu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl Nurs Res"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6649608","article-title":"Maternal serum cytokine concentrations in healthy pregnancy and preeclampsia","volume":"2021","author":"Spence","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Preg."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8238727","article-title":"Cross-talk between oxidative stress and inflammation in preeclampsia","volume":"2019","author":"Ten\u00f3rio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.12.174","article-title":"Repeated measures of inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnancies","volume":"216","author":"Ferguson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12757","article-title":"Association between cytokine profile and transcription factors produced by T-cell subsets in early- and late-onset pre-eclampsia","volume":"152","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The prisma 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-135","article-title":"Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and\/or interquartile range","volume":"14","author":"Wan","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280219889080","article-title":"Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from commonly reported quantiles in meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"McGrath","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-11-41","article-title":"Quantifying, displaying and accounting for heterogeneity in the meta-analysis of rcts using standard and generalised q statistics","volume":"11","author":"Bowden","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.08.019","article-title":"Incidence of preeclampsia: risk factors and outcomes associated with early- versus late-onset disease","volume":"209","author":"Lisonkova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l2381","article-title":"Pre-eclampsia: pathophysiology and clinical implications","volume":"366","author":"Burton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2020.165961","article-title":"Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in early-onset and late-onset preeclampsia","volume":"1866","author":"Mar\u00edn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm.2011.656","article-title":"Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (Supar) levels in healthy pregnancy and preeclampsia","volume":"49","author":"Toldi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/684384","article-title":"Inflammatory disturbances in preeclampsia: relationship between maternal and umbilical cord blood","volume":"2012","author":"Catarino","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Preg."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2012.07.039","article-title":"The increased maternal serum levels of il-6 are associated with the severity and onset of preeclampsia","volume":"60","author":"Xiao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10641963.2015.1060993","article-title":"Serum levels of endocan correlate with the presence and severity of pre-eclampsia","volume":"38","author":"Cakmak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Exp Hypertens"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1684\/ecn.2019.0423","article-title":"The role of inflammatory markers hs-crp, sialic acid, and il-6 in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"30","author":"Kara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Cytokine Netw"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000491087","article-title":"Placental proinflammatory state and maternal endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia","volume":"84","author":"Valencia-Ortega","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114522001489","article-title":"Dietary inflammatory index, inflammation biomarkers and preeclampsia risk: a hospital-based case-control study","volume":"129","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2011.648233","article-title":"Plasma il-4, il-8, il-12, interferon-\u0393 and crp levels in pregnant women with preeclampsia, and their relation with severity of disease and fetal birth weight","volume":"25","author":"Cemgil Arikan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"B39","article-title":"Serum levels of neopterin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in preeclampsia: relationship with disease severity","volume":"16","author":"Ozler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2013.09.050","article-title":"Severe preeclampsia: are hemostatic and inflammatory parameters associated","volume":"427","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1701129114","article-title":"Embryo implantation evolved from an ancestral inflammatory attachment reaction","volume":"114","author":"Griffith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2009.04.004","article-title":"Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in the endometrium during menstrual cycle and implantation","volume":"112","author":"Demir","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Histochem"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2011.01.002","article-title":"Cytokines in recurrent pregnancy loss","volume":"412","author":"Saini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1999.tb00101.x","article-title":"Mitogen-induced cytokine responses of maternal peripheral blood lymphocytes indicate a differential Th-type bias in normal pregnancy and pregnancy failure","volume":"42","author":"Makhseed","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.3.713","article-title":"Cytokine production by maternal lymphocytes during normal human pregnancy and in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion","volume":"15","author":"Raghupathy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.10.2219","article-title":"Th1 and Th2 cytokine profiles in recurrent aborters with successful pregnancy and with subsequent abortions","volume":"16","author":"Makhseed","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2922","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22062922","article-title":"The role of tnf-A and anti-Tnf-A agents during preconception, pregnancy, and breastfeeding","volume":"22","author":"Romanowska-Pr\u00f3chnicka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2014.06.018","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in serum proinflammatory markers across pregnancy and postpartum: effects of maternal body mass index","volume":"70","author":"Christian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.07.017","article-title":"Interferons and proinflammatory cytokines in pregnancy and fetal development","volume":"49","author":"Yockey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gax038","article-title":"Immune cell and transcriptomic analysis of the human decidua in term and preterm parturition","volume":"23","author":"Rinaldi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13503","article-title":"A review of key cytokines based on gene polymorphism in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia","volume":"87","author":"Guan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12756","article-title":"The role of immunity in the pathogenesis and development of pre-eclampsia","volume":"90","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00253","article-title":"Regulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 during pregnancy","volume":"5","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4238\/gmr16029218","article-title":"Association between interleukin-4 polymorphisms and risk of pre-eclampsia in a population of Chinese pregnant women","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genet Mol Res"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20150702","article-title":"The role of inflammation in the pathology of preeclampsia","volume":"130","author":"Harmon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/43206","article-title":"A family of cytokine-inducible inhibitors of signalling","volume":"387","author":"Starr","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0463.2002.1101201.x","article-title":"Suppressors of cytokine signalling: socs","volume":"110","author":"Larsen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Apmis"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2008.00924.x","article-title":"Tumour necrosis factor (-308a) polymorphism in pre-eclampsia: meta-analysis of 16 case-control studies","volume":"48","author":"Bombell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2011.01019.x","article-title":"Elevated serum levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-1\u03b2 and human chorionic gonadotropin in pre-eclampsia","volume":"66","author":"Kalinderis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2011.09.021","article-title":"A meta-analysis of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10 in preeclampsia","volume":"56","author":"Xie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12138","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10 levels are altered in preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"70","author":"Lau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.55.2.4","article-title":"Interleukin-10 therapy\u2013review of a new approach","volume":"55","author":"Asadullah","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2012.01158.x","article-title":"Biomarkers of coagulation, inflammation, and angiogenesis are independently associated with preeclampsia","volume":"68","author":"Boij","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(15)00070-7","article-title":"Pre-eclampsia","volume":"387","author":"Mol","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g2301","article-title":"Chronic hypertension and pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"348","author":"Bramham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"B66","volume-title":"Hypertension in pregnancy: diagnosis and management","year":"2019"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d6309","article-title":"Risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: population based cohort study","volume":"343","author":"Roos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15661","article-title":"Impact of maternal body mass index and gestational weight gain on pregnancy complications: an individual participant data meta-analysis of European, north American and Australian cohorts","volume":"126","author":"Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bjog"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21617","article-title":"Maternal diet, gestational weight gain, and inflammatory markers during pregnancy","volume":"24","author":"Hrolfsdottir","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obes (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24511","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000024511","article-title":"Systemic inflammatory status - a bridge between gestational weight gain and neonatal outcomes (Strobe-compliant article)","volume":"100","author":"Rugin\u0103","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med (Baltimore)"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1156039\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T14:50:44Z","timestamp":1685544644000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1156039\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1156039"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1156039","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]]},"article-number":"1156039"}}