{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T18:34:29Z","timestamp":1790620469689,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine metabolic disorder that affects 5\u201310% of women of reproductive age. The endometrium of women with PCOS has altered immune cells resulting in chronic low-grade inflammation, which attribute to recurrent implantation failure (RIF). In this study, we obtained three PCOS and RIF datasets respectively from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. By analyzing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and module genes using weighted gene co-expression networks (WGCNA), functional enrichment analysis, and three machine learning algorithms, we identified twelve diseases shared genes, and two diagnostic genes, including GLIPR1 and MAMLD1. PCOS and RIF validation datasets were assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and ideal area under the curve (AUC) values were obtained for each disease. Besides, we collected granulosa cells from healthy and PCOS infertile women, and endometrial tissues of healthy and RIF patients. RT-PCR was used to validate the reliability of GLIPR1 and MAMLD1. Furthermore, we performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and immune infiltration to explore the underlying mechanism of PCOS and RIF cooccurrence. Through the functional enrichment of twelve shared genes and two diagnostic genes, we found that both PCOS and RIF patients had disturbances in metabolites related to the TCA cycle, which eventually led to the massive activation of immune cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1175384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T00:52:42Z","timestamp":1684198362000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Shared diagnostic genes and potential mechanism between PCOS and recurrent implantation failure revealed by integrated transcriptomic analysis and machine learning"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Wenhui","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingling","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linli","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengchen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinxin","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingpu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-8-41","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome: a complex condition with psychological, reproductive and metabolic manifestations that impacts on health across the lifespan","volume":"8","author":"Teede","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00163-2","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Joham","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-09-0247","article-title":"Inflammatory pathways in female reproductive health and disease","volume":"138","author":"Jabbour","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5894768","article-title":"Immunophenotypic profiles in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"2020","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mediators Inflammation"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.05.016","article-title":"Evolutionary determinants of polycystic ovary syndrome: part 2","volume":"106","author":"Fessler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioab050","article-title":"Inflammation and reproductive function in women with polycystic ovary syndromedagger","volume":"104","author":"Velez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e11686","article-title":"The role of macrophages in reproductive-related diseases","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2013.08.011","article-title":"Recurrent implantation failure: definition and management","volume":"28","author":"Coughlan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod BioMed Online"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-012-9861-4","article-title":"Assessment and treatment of repeated implantation failure (Rif)","volume":"29","author":"Simon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.140096sr","article-title":"Immunological determinants of implantation success","volume":"58","author":"Robertson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Dev Biol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1108011","article-title":"The role of growth factors and cytokines during implantation: endocrine and paracrine interactions","volume":"27","author":"Guzeloglu-Kayisli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/Ni.3131","article-title":"Et al","volume":"16","author":"Prabhudas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immune Mech at Maternal-Fetal Interface: Perspect Challenges. 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