{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T10:17:26Z","timestamp":1781000246904,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>T cell lymphomas (TCL) are a group of heterogeneous diseases with over 40 subtypes. In this study, we identified a novel TCL subtype which was featured by a unique T cell receptor (TCR) presentation, \u03b1, \u03b2 and \u03b3 chains were co-existing in a single malignant T cell.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 45-year-old male patient was diagnosed T cell lymphoma after 2-month of abdominal distension and liver enlargement. Combining histology review, PET-CT scanning and immunophenotyes, the patient was not classified to any existing TCL subtypes. To better understand this unclassified TCL case, we performed single cell RNA sequencing paired with TCR sequencing on the patient\u2019s PBMC and bone marrow samples. To our surprise, we identified that the malignant T cells had a very rare TCR combination, by expressing two \u03b1 chains, one \u03b2 chain and one \u03b3 chain simultaneously. We further studied the molecular pathogenesis and tumor cell heterogeneity of this rare TCL subtype. A set of potential therapeutic targets were identified from the transcriptome data, such as CCL5, KLRG1 and CD38.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified the first TCL case co-expressing \u03b1, \u03b2 and \u03b3 chains and dissected its molecular pathogenesis, providing valuable information for precision medicine options for this novel TCL subtype.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1184383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T10:35:55Z","timestamp":1685529355000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Case Report: An unclassified T cell lymphoma subtype with co-expression of TCR \u03b1\u03b2 and \u03b3 chains revealed by single cell 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