{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T16:43:49Z","timestamp":1764175429627,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anti-IgLON family member 5 (IgLON5) disease is a rare autoimmune encephalitis, characterized by sleep problems, cognitive decline, gait abnormalities, and bulbar dysfunction. Anti\u2013leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) autoimmune encephalitis is characterized by cognitive dysfunction, mental disorders, faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS), and hyponatremia. Various studies report that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have an effect on the nervous system and induce a wide range of neurological symptoms. Autoimmune encephalitis is one of the neurological complications in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Until now, autoimmune encephalitis with both anti-IgLON5 and anti-LGI1 receptor antibodies following COVID-19 is rarely reported. The case report described a 40-year-old man who presented with sleep behavior disorder, daytime sleepiness, paramnesia, cognitive decline, FBDS, and anxiety following COVID-19. Anti-IgLON5 and anti-LGI1 receptor antibodies were positive in serum, and anti-LGI1 receptor antibodies were positive in cerebrospinal fluid. The patient presented with typical symptoms of anti-IgLON5 disease such as sleep behavior disorder, obstructive sleep apnea, and daytime sleepiness. Moreover, he presented with FBDS, which is common in anti-LGI1 encephalitis. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with anti-IgLON5 disease and anti-LGI1 autoimmune encephalitis. The patient turned better after high-dose steroid and mycophenolate mofetil therapy. The case serves to increase the awareness of rare autoimmune encephalitis after COVID-19.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1195341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T04:11:22Z","timestamp":1686629482000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Case report: Anti-IgLON5 disease and anti-LGI1 encephalitis following COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yanfei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanjie","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02520-z","article-title":"Anti-IgLON5 antibodies cause progressive behavioral and neuropathological changes in mice","volume":"19","author":"Ni","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25926","article-title":"Friend or foe? 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