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Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several studies have demonstrated that anti-carbamylation protein antibodies (Anti-CarPA) are persistent in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSC), primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome (pSS), and interstitial lung disease associated with RA (RA-ILD). However, the relationship between anti-CarPA and other rheumatic diseases (RDs) and non-RA-ILD is not known till now. This study sought to examine the presence of anti-CarPA in Chinese Han patients with RDs and its clinical significance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included 90 healthy controls (HCs) and 300 patients with RDs, including RA, SLE, polymyositis\/dermatomyositis (PM\/DM), pSS, SSC, spondyloarthritis (SpA), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies associated with vasculitis (AAV), undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD), and Behcet\u2019s disease (BD). Antibodies against carbamylated human serum albumin were detected using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Correlations between clinical and laboratory parameters were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum levels of anti-CarPA in RA (34.43 \u00b1 33.34 ng\/ml), SLE (21.12 \u00b1 22.23 ng\/ml), pSS (16.32 \u00b1 13.54 ng\/ml), PM\/DM (30.85 \u00b1 17.34 ng\/ml), SSC (23.53 \u00b1 10.70 ng\/ml), and UCTD (28.35 \u00b1 21.91 ng\/ml) were higher than those of anti-CarPA in the HCs (7.30 \u00b1 5.05 ng\/ml). The concentration of serum anti-CarPA was higher in patients with rheumatic disease-related interstitial lung disease (RD-ILD), especially RA-ILD, PM\/DM-ILD, and pSS-ILD. Patients with RD-ILD who tested positive for anti-CarPA were more likely to have a more severe radiographic classification (grades II, p = 0.045; grades III, p = 0.003). Binary logistic regression analysis suggested that anti-CarPA had an association with ILD in RA (p = 0.033), PM\/DM (p = 0.039), and pSS (p = 0.048). Based on receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis, anti-CarPA cutoffs best discriminated ILD in RA (&amp;gt;32.59 ng\/ml, p = 0.050), PM\/DM (&amp;gt;23.46 ng\/ml, p = 0.038), and pSS (&amp;gt;37.08 ng\/ml, p = 0.040). Moreover, serum levels of anti-CarPA were correlated with antibodies against transcription intermediary factor 1 complex (anti-TIF1) (R = \u20130.28, p = 0.044), antibodies against glycyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase (anti-EJ) (R = 0.30, p = 0.031), and antibodies against melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (anti-MDA5) (R = 0.35, p = 0.011).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum anti-CarPA could be detected in patients with RA, PM\/DM, pSS, SSC, and UCTD among the Chinese Han population. And it may also assist in identifying ILD in patients with RA, PM\/DM, and pSS, which emphasized attention to the lung involvement in anti-CarPA-positive patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1197458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T09:27:00Z","timestamp":1689758820000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Distribution and clinical significance of anti-carbamylation protein antibodies in rheumatological diseases among the Chinese Han 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