{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T15:05:10Z","timestamp":1782831910936,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) can induce durable responses in cancer patients, but it is commonly associated with serious immune-related side effects. Both effects are suggested to be mediated by CD8+ T-cell infiltration. Whole body CD8+ T-cell distribution can be visualized by PET imaging of a 89Zr-labeled anti-humanCD8a minibody, currently investigated in a phase 2b trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main body<\/jats:title><jats:p>An adult patient diagnosed with metastatic melanoma developed ICI-related hypophysitis after two courses of combined immunotherapy (ipilimumab (3 mg\/kg) and nivolumab (1 mg\/kg) at 3 weeks interval). On a [<jats:sup>89<\/jats:sup>Zr]Zr-crefmirlimab berdoxam PET\/CT scan, made 8 days before clinical symptoms occurred, increased CD8+ T-cell infiltration in the pituitary gland was detected. Simultaneously, tracer uptake in a cerebral metastasis was increased, indicating ICI-induced tumor infiltration by CD8+ T-cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The observations in this case report underscore the role of CD8+ T-cell in non-tumor tissues in ICI-related toxicity. In addition, it illustrates a potential role for molecular imaging by PET\/CT for investigation and monitoring of ICI-induced effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1199282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T04:33:46Z","timestamp":1685680426000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Case Report: Imaging immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced yin-yang effects in the brain"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"K. F.","family":"Bol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Peeters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. M. L.","family":"van Herpen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Westdorp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. H. J. 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