{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T08:38:43Z","timestamp":1793522323025,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]],"date-time":"2023-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Memory T cells are conventionally subdivided into T central memory (T<jats:sub>CM<\/jats:sub>) and T effector memory (T<jats:sub>EM<\/jats:sub>) cells. However, a new subset of memory T cells named T memory stem cell (T<jats:sub>SCM<\/jats:sub>) cells has been recognized that possesses capabilities of both T<jats:sub>CM<\/jats:sub> and T<jats:sub>EM<\/jats:sub> cells including lymphoid homing and performing effector roles through secretion of cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-\u03b3). The T<jats:sub>SCM<\/jats:sub> subset has some biological properties including stemness, antigen independency, high proliferative potential, signaling pathway and lipid metabolism. On the other hand, memory T cells are considered one of the principal culprits in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. T<jats:sub>SCM<\/jats:sub> cells are responsible for developing long-term defensive immunity against different foreign antigens, alongside tumor-associated antigens, which mainly derive from self-antigens. Hence, antigen-specific T<jats:sub>SCM<\/jats:sub> cells can produce antitumor responses that are potentially able to trigger autoimmune activities. Therefore, we reviewed recent evidence on T<jats:sub>SCM<\/jats:sub> cell functions in autoimmune disorders including type 1 diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, acquired aplastic anemia, immune thrombocytopenia, and autoimmune uveitis. We also introduced T<jats:sub>SCM<\/jats:sub> cell lineage as an innovative prognostic biomarker and a promising therapeutic target in autoimmune settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1204231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]],"date-time":"2023-07-11T10:28:53Z","timestamp":1689071333000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["T memory stem cell characteristics in autoimmune diseases and their promising therapeutic 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