{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:34:42Z","timestamp":1792010082074,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>, a Gram-negative pathogen, has over 2500 serovars that infect a wide range of hosts. In humans, <jats:italic>S. enterica<\/jats:italic> causes typhoid or gastroenteritis and is a major public health concern. In this study, SseB (the tip protein of the <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> pathogenicity island 2 type III secretion system) was fused with the LTA1 subunit of labile-toxin from enterotoxigenic <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> to make the self-adjuvanting antigen L-SseB. Two unique nanoparticle formulations were developed to allow multimeric presentation of L-SseB. Mice were vaccinated with these formulations and protective efficacy determined <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> challenging the mice with <jats:italic>S. enterica<\/jats:italic> serovars. The polysaccharide (chitosan) formulation was found to elicit better protection when compared to the squalene nanoemulsion. When the polysaccharide formulation was used to vaccinate rabbits, protection from <jats:italic>S. enterica<\/jats:italic> challenge was elicited. In summary, L-SseB in a particulate polysaccharide formulation appears to be an attractive candidate vaccine capable of broad protection against <jats:italic>S. enterica.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1208848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T11:54:16Z","timestamp":1688126056000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of nanoparticle formulations of L-SseB against Salmonella infection"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sayan","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debaki R.","family":"Howlader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ti","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean K.","family":"Whittier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simran","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zackary K.","family":"Dietz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siva S. 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