{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T04:19:39Z","timestamp":1769919579229,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The optimal diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) are challenging due to underdiagnosis and inadequate treatment monitoring. Lipid-related genes are crucial components of the host immune response in TB. However, their dynamic expression and potential usefulness for monitoring response to anti-TB treatment are unclear. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the present study, we used a targeted, knowledge-based approach to investigate the expression of lipid-related genes during anti-TB treatment and their potential use as biomarkers of treatment response. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The expression levels of 10 genes (<jats:italic>ARPC5<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ACSL4<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>PLD4<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>LIPA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>CHMP2B<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>RAB5A<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>GABARAPL2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>PLA2G4A<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>MBOAT2<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>MBOAT1<\/jats:italic>) were significantly altered during standard anti-TB treatment. We evaluated the potential usefulness of this 10-lipid-gene signature for TB diagnosis and treatment monitoring in various clinical scenarios across multiple populations. We also compared this signature with other transcriptomic signatures. The 10-lipid-gene signature could distinguish patients with TB from those with latent tuberculosis infection and non-TB controls (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve &amp;gt; 0.7 for most cases); it could also be useful for monitoring response to anti-TB treatment. Although the performance of the new signature was not better than that of previous signatures (i.e., RISK6, Sambarey10, Long10), our results suggest the usefulness of metabolism-centric biomarkers<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lipid-related genes play significant roles in TB pathophysiology and host immune responses. Furthermore, transcriptomic signatures related to the immune response and lipid-related gene may be useful for TB diagnosis and treatment monitoring.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1210372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T11:31:32Z","timestamp":1698751892000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Alterations of lipid-related genes during anti-tuberculosis treatment: insights into host immune responses and potential transcriptional biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Nguyen Ky","family":"Phat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Tran Nam","family":"Tien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Ky","family":"Anh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Thi Hai","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoon Ah","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hoang Kim Tu","family":"Trinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kieu-Minh","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sangzin","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong-Soon","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seongoh","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Phuoc","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae-Gook","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2022","year":"2022"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210149","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.0149-2021","article-title":"New developments in tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment","volume":"18","author":"Gill","year":"2022","journal-title":"Breathe (Sheff)"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m216","article-title":"Current and future treatments for tuberculosis","volume":"368","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fitd.2021.748310","article-title":"Adverse drug reactions related to treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis in Brazil: A prospective cohort study","volume":"2","author":"Sant\u00b4Anna","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Trop Dis"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2022.37.e128","article-title":"Analysis of adverse drug reactions to first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs using the Korea adverse event reporting system","volume":"37","author":"Chung","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00749-08","article-title":"New drugs against tuberculosis: problems, progress, and evaluation of agents in clinical development","volume":"53","author":"van den Boogaard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003343.pub3","article-title":"Directly observed therapy for treating tuberculosis","author":"Volmink","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70071-2","article-title":"Sputum monitoring during tuberculosis treatment for predicting outcome: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Horne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104174","article-title":"Are mRNA based transcriptomic signatures ready for diagnosing tuberculosis in the clinic? 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