{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:53:50Z","timestamp":1790632430957,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004561","name":"Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004561","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, and aging are among the key risk factors for severe COVID-19 with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). One of the main prognostic biomarkers of ARDS is the level of cytokines IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 in the blood. In our study, we modeled hyperglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia on 18-month-old Syrian hamsters (<jats:italic>Mesocricetus auratus<\/jats:italic>). By 18 months, the animals showed such markers of aging as weight stabilization with a tendency to reduce it, polycystic liver disease, decreased motor activity, and foci of alopecia. The high-fat diet caused an increase in triglycerides and cholesterol, as well as fatty changes in the liver. On the third day after infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, animals showed a decrease in weight in the groups with a high-fat diet. In the lungs of males on both diets, there was an increase in the concentration of IFN-\u03b1, as well as IL-6 in both males and females, regardless of the type of diet. At the same time, the levels of TNF-\u03b1 and IFN-\u03b3 did not change in infected animals. Morphological studies of the lungs of hamsters with SARS-CoV-2 showed the presence of a pathological process characteristic of ARDS. These included bronchointerstitial pneumonia and diffuse alveolar damages. These observations suggest that in aging hamsters, the immune response to pro-inflammatory cytokines may be delayed to a later period. Hypertriglyceridemia, age, and gender affect the severity of COVID-19. These results will help to understand the pathogenesis of COVID-19 associated with age, gender, and disorders of fat metabolism in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1223086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,15]],"date-time":"2023-07-15T00:16:20Z","timestamp":1689380180000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cytokine response and damages in the lungs of aging Syrian hamsters on a high-fat diet infected with the SARS-CoV-2 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