{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T02:40:44Z","timestamp":1783478444638,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the emerging cause of end-stage liver disease, is the most common liver disease. Determining the independent risk factors of NAFLD and patients who need more monitoring is important.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two-Sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed in the analysis to investigate the causal association of different autoimmune diseases with NAFLD using summary level data. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 5 autoimmune diseases including celiac disease (CeD), Crohn\u2019s disease (CD), multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and type 1 diabetes (T1D) were selected for Instrument variables (IVs). NAFLD was included as outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>After adjusting for confounding factors, genetic predisposition of CeD (OR= 0.973, [0.949,0.997], IVW p-value=0.026), MS (OR= 1.048, [1.012,1.085], IVW p-value= 0.008), RA (OR= 1.036, [1.006,1.066], IVW p-value=0.019), T1D (OR= 1.039, [1.002,1.079], IVW p-value= 0.041) is causally associated with NAFLD. No causal effect was found between CD and NAFLD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>CeD itself may be a protective factor for NAFLD, the results of previous observational studies have been influenced by confounding factors, and the morbidity of NAFLD may be higher in patients with MS, RA, and T1D than in common populations, and monitoring the prevalence of NAFLD in these populations is considerable.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1229570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T14:14:51Z","timestamp":1694441691000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Influence of genetically predicted autoimmune diseases on NAFLD"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Min","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoxia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guijie","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.01.052","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 2020: the state of the disease","volume":"158","author":"Cotter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpendmet0190","article-title":"Mechanisms of Disease: hepatic steatosis in type 2 diabetes\u2013pathogenesis and clinical relevance","volume":"2","author":"Roden","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32511-3","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"397","author":"Powell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102743","article-title":"An updated advance of autoantibodies in autoimmune diseases","volume":"20","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102348","article-title":"Autoimmunity in psychotic disorders. 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