{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:48:13Z","timestamp":1792788493762,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of bacterial infections occurs when blocking or inhibitory antibodies facilitate the infectivity of pathogens. In humans, antibodies involved in ADE of bacterial infections may include those naturally produced against Gal\u03b11-3Gal\u03b21-4GlcNAc\u03b2 (\u03b1Gal). Here, we investigate whether eliminating circulating anti-\u03b1Gal antibodies using a soluble \u03b1Gal glycopolymer confers protection against Gram-negative bacterial infections. We demonstrated that the\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    intra-corporeal removal of anti-\u03b1Gal antibodies in \u03b11,3-galactosyltransferase knockout (GalT-KO) mice was associated with protection against mortality from Gram-negative sepsis after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The improved survival of GalT-KO mice was associated with an increased killing capacity of serum against\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolated after CLP and reduced binding of IgG1 and IgG3 to the bacteria. Additionally, inhibition of anti-\u03b1Gal antibodies from human serum\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    increases the bactericidal killing of\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    O86:B7 and multidrug-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa.<\/jats:italic>\n                    In the case of\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    O86:B7, there was also an improvement in bacteria opsonophagocytosis by macrophages. Both lytic mechanisms were related to a decreased binding of IgG2 to the bacteria. Our results show that protective immunity against Gram-negative bacterial pathogens can be elicited, and infectious diseases caused by these bacteria can be prevented by removing natural anti-\u03b1Gal antibodies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1232924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T07:32:41Z","timestamp":1692343961000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Removal of natural anti-\u03b1Gal antibodies elicits protective immunity against Gram-negative bacterial infections"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Olivera-Ardid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Bello-Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdiel","family":"Perez-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Camoez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Angeles","family":"Dominguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yara","family":"Ferrero-Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Miguel","family":"Vaquero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nailya","family":"Khasbiullina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadezhda V.","family":"Shilova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolai 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