{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T09:18:38Z","timestamp":1760347118986,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) are uncommon but serious complications in patients following solid organ transplantation. Primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is a risk factor for the development of PTLD, especially early-onset PTLD, in EBV-negative recipients. To date, however, there are no specific guidelines on the threshold of EBV-DNA load for therapeutic intervention, the source for measurement (e.g., blood, bronchoalveolar fluid), or the use of antiviral agents as prophylaxis for early PTLD prevention in EBV-mismatched patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study describes a 56-year-old male lung transplant recipient diagnosed with EBV-associated PTLD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This patient had a history of invasive fungal disease and Mucor and Aspergillus fumigatus infections in the early post-transplant period, necessitating antifungal therapy throughout the course of the disease. The patient was EBV-positive 15 days after transplantation, with lung CT showing multiple bilateral nodules of varying sizes beginning 98 days after transplantation. A lung biopsy showed PTLD, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed EBV. This patient, however, did not receive any antiviral therapy for early PTLD prevention or any PTLD-related treatment. He died 204 days after lung transplantation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study describes a lung transplant recipient who developed EBV-associated PTLD, a non-negligible disease, after solid organ transplantation. Monitoring EBV-DNA load is important, as a sudden increase may be a sensitive indicator of PTLD. An earlier diagnosis may increase the likelihood of successful treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1244534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T11:51:15Z","timestamp":1694778675000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Case Report: Non-negligible Epstein-Barr virus-associated posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders in a lung transplant 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