{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T22:22:52Z","timestamp":1793744572629,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>IgA vasculitis (IgAV) is an immune-associated vasculitis, yet its exact etiology remains unclear. Here, we explore the interaction between IgAV and inflammatory factors using bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a bidirectional summary-level MR analysis to delineate the causality of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and 41 circulating inflammatory regulators with IgAV. Data on genetic variants related to inflammation were obtained from three genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on CRP, PCT, and human cytokines, whereas data on IgAV was from large meta-analyses of GWAS among 216 569 FinnGen Biobank participants. The primary MR analysis was performed using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) approach, and the sensitivity analyses were carried out using MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study revealed the association of CRP higher levels with increased risk of IgAV through IVW method (Estimate odds ratio [OR] = 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.98, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04), MR-Egger (OR = 1.87, CI: 1.15-3.02, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01), weighted median (OR = 2.00, CI: 1.21-3.30, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01) and weighted mode (OR = 1.74, CI: 1.13-2.68, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02). Furthermore, elevated IL-8 was strongly implicated with a higher risk of IgAV (IVW OR = 1.42, CI: 1.05-1.92; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02). Conversely, genetically predicted IgAV was associated with decreased levels of TNF-\u03b2 (IVW estimate <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> = -0.093, CI: -0.178 - -0.007; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.033). Additionally, no such significant statistical differences for other inflammatory factors were found.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our current study using bidirectional MR analysis provides compelling evidence for a causal effect of CRP, PCT, and circulating inflammatory regulators on IgAV. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of IgAV and emphasize the potential of targeting inflammatory factors for therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1248325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T09:29:35Z","timestamp":1694424575000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Causal relationships between circulating inflammatory factors and IgA vasculitis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jiading","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunfang","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenghao","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.771619","article-title":"Pathogenesis of igA vasculitis: an up-to-date review","volume":"12","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-021-01013-x","article-title":"IgA vasculitis in adults: a rare yet challenging disease","volume":"23","author":"Yaseen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.004","article-title":"Association of the infectious triggers with childhood Henoch-Schonlein purpura in Anhui province, China","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9366","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179366","article-title":"Role of heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP90) in viral infection","volume":"22","author":"Lubkowska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7538","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147538","article-title":"IgA vasculitis: etiology, treatment, biomarkers and epigenetic changes","volume":"22","author":"Sugino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.05.021","article-title":"Intestinal permeability and igA provoke immune vasculitis linked to cardiovascular inflammation","volume":"51","author":"Noval Rivas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.03.024","article-title":"Early prednisone therapy in Henoch-Schonlein purpura: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"149","author":"Ronkainen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022x.2019.1685545","article-title":"Obesity is associated with Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein Purpura Nephritis and development of end-stage renal disease in children","volume":"41","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa752","article-title":"Deficiency in the frequency and function of Tr1 cells in IgAV and the possible role of IL-27","volume":"60","author":"Pan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatol (Oxford)."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-018-4234-8","article-title":"Insight into inflammatory cell and cytokine profiles in adult IgA vasculitis","volume":"38","author":"Kuret","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-019-04415-4","article-title":"Serum levels of selected cytokines [interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-18, IL-23] and chemokines (RANTES, IP10) in the acute phase of immunoglobulin A vasculitis in children","volume":"39","author":"Jaszczura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2100924","article-title":"Systemic activation of neutrophils by immune complexes is critical to igA vasculitis","volume":"209","author":"Mayer-Hain","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr448","article-title":"IgA1 immune complexes from pediatric patients with IgA nephropathy activate cultured human mesangial cells","volume":"26","author":"Novak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120411","article-title":"The interaction between circulating complement proteins and cutaneous microvascular endothelial cells in the development of childhood Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein Purpura","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.921864","article-title":"IgA vasculitis update: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and biomarkers","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.11.024","article-title":"Genetics of immunoglobulin-A vasculitis (Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura): An updated review","volume":"17","author":"L\u00f3pez-Mej\u00edas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-019-1802-2","article-title":"Changes of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress indicators in children with Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura and clinical effects of hemoperfusion in the treatment of severe Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura with gastrointestinal involvement in children","volume":"19","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-010-1739-0","article-title":"Interleukin 8 gene 2767 A\/G polymorphism is associated with increased risk of nephritis in children with Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura","volume":"32","author":"Tabel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22034\/ijaai.15.3.386","article-title":"Lack of association between interleukin-8 gene +781 C\/T polymorphism and henoch-sch\u00f6nlein purpura in childhood","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-014-2773-1","article-title":"Evaluation of serum procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels as biomarkers of Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura in pediatric patients","volume":"35","author":"Teng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa104","article-title":"Gastrointestinal involvement in adult IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura): updated picture from a French multicentre and retrospective series of 260 cases","volume":"59","author":"Audemard-Verger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatol (Oxford)."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.18236","article-title":"Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology using mendelian randomization: the STROBE-MR statement","volume":"326","author":"Skrivankova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyac087","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and C-reactive protein: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study","volume":"52","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyaa241","article-title":"Systemic inflammatory regulators and risk of Alzheimer's disease: a bidirectional Mendelian-randomization study","volume":"50","author":"Yeung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34214","article-title":"Causal relationships between inflammatory factors and multiple myeloma: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study","volume":"151","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Cancer."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k601","article-title":"Reading Mendelian randomisation studies: a guide, glossary, and checklist for clinicians","volume":"362","author":"Davies","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2018.09.009","article-title":"Genome analyses of >200,000 individuals identify 58 loci for chronic inflammation and highlight pathways that link inflammation and complex disorders","volume":"103","author":"Ligthart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0175-2","article-title":"Genomic atlas of the human plasma proteome","volume":"558","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01062-7","article-title":"Within-sibship genome-wide association analyses decrease bias in estimates of direct genetic effects","volume":"54","author":"Howe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2016.11.007","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies 27 loci influencing concentrations of circulating cytokines and growth factors","volume":"100","author":"Ahola-Olli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"B31","article-title":"FinnGen-tutkimushanke vie suomalaiset l\u00f6yt\u00f6retkelle genomitietoon","volume-title":"FinnGen","year":""},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3190","article-title":"Efficient Bayesian mixed-model analysis increases association power in large cohorts","volume":"47","author":"Loh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.117.300360","article-title":"Transformation of summary statistics from linear mixed model association on all-or-none traits to odds ratio","volume":"208","author":"Lloyd-Jones","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-020-04672-7","article-title":"Obesity is associated with severe clinical course in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura","volume":"35","author":"Dundar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-015-2547-z","article-title":"Obesity increases the risk of renal involvement in children with Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura","volume":"174","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2921","article-title":"Adipokines in inflammation and metabolic disease","volume":"11","author":"Ouchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddy271","article-title":"Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for height and body mass index in \u223c700000 individuals of European ancestry","volume":"27","author":"Yengo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ede.0000000000001072","article-title":"Survival bias in mendelian randomization studies: A threat to causal inference","volume":"30","author":"Smit","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280210394459","article-title":"Using multiple genetic variants as instrumental variables for modifiable risk factors","volume":"21","author":"Palmer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"key":"B40","first-page":"280","article-title":"Introduction to quantitative genetics","volume-title":"Trends in genetics","author":"Frankham","year":"1996"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28008","article-title":"Association between COVID-19 and telomere length: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study","volume":"94","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv402","article-title":"LDlink: a web-based application for exploring population-specific haplotype structure and linking correlated alleles of possible functional variants","volume":"31","author":"Machiela","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.7221","article-title":"A framework for the investigation of pleiotropy in two-sample summary data Mendelian randomization","volume":"36","author":"Bowden","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-017-0255-x","article-title":"Interpreting findings from Mendelian randomization using the MR-Egger method","volume":"32","author":"Burgess","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21965","article-title":"Consistent estimation in mendelian randomization with some invalid instruments using a weighted median estimator","volume":"40","author":"Bowden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0099-7","article-title":"Detection of widespread horizontal pleiotropy in causal relationships inferred from Mendelian randomization between complex traits and diseases","volume":"50","author":"Verbanck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12337","article-title":"The era of the immunoglobulin A Fc receptor Fc\u03b1RI; its function and potential as target in disease","volume":"268","author":"Aleyd","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/76261","article-title":"FcalphaRI-positive liver Kupffer cells: reappraisal of the function of immunoglobulin A in immunity","volume":"6","author":"van Egmond","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.0104","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor in Henoch-Schonlein purpura","volume":"28","author":"Topaloglu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.512277","article-title":"Cytokines alter IgA1 O-glycosylation by dysregulating C1GalT1 and ST6GalNAc-II enzymes","volume":"289","author":"Suzuki","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2017.07.002","article-title":"Inhibition of STAT3 signaling reduces igA1 autoantigen production in igA nephropathy","volume":"2","author":"Yamada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00754","article-title":"Role of C-reactive protein at sites of inflammation and infection","volume":"9","author":"Sproston","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7754\/Clin.Lab.2021.211030","article-title":"Correlations of leukotriene B4 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels with disease severity in children with henoch-schonlein purpura","volume":"68","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Lab"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2017.11.006","article-title":"Clinical significance of the serum biomarker index detection in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura","volume":"52","author":"Purevdorj","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2011.02143.x","article-title":"Prevalence of MEFV gene mutations and their clinical correlations in Turkish children with Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura","volume":"100","author":"Bayram","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-021-03063-7","article-title":"Comparison of clinical, pathological and long-term renal outcomes of children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis and IgA nephropathy","volume":"54","author":"Torun Bayram","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-022-01389-8","article-title":"Towards better indications for kidney biopsy in adult IgA vasculitis: a clinical-laboratory and pathology correlation study","volume":"36","author":"Maisons","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Nephrol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.016196","article-title":"Sera from children with active Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura can enhance the production of interleukin 8 by human umbilical venous endothelial cells","volume":"63","author":"Yang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.12089","article-title":"Raised serum levels of interleukins 6 and 8 and antiphospholipid antibodies in an adult patient with Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura","volume":"38","author":"Kimura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2017.07.018","article-title":"Dapsone as a potential treatment option for Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein Purpura (HSP)","volume":"108","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2003.09.008","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factors","volume":"28","author":"Goetz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-016-0176-6","article-title":"Distinct phenotypic subpopulations of circulating CD4(+)CXCR5(+) follicular helper T cells in children with active IgA vasculitis","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Immunol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2016.07.032","article-title":"Circulating midkine in children with Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura: Clinical implications","volume":"39","author":"Su","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-021-00569-3","article-title":"Streptococcal infection in childhood Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura: a 5-year retrospective study from a single tertiary medical center in China, 2015-2019","volume":"19","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.929483","article-title":"Streptococcus pneumoniae interactions with the complement system","volume":"12","author":"Gil","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/0905-rm-156","article-title":"The IL-8 production by Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B","volume":"234","author":"Chang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med (Maywood)."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2019.08.015","article-title":"Heat shock proteins in infection","volume":"498","author":"Bolhassani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2007-0294OC","article-title":"Heat shock co-activates interleukin-8 transcription","volume":"39","author":"Singh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.11.063","article-title":"Extracellular heat shock protein 90 induces interleukin-8 in vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"378","author":"Chung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.947789","article-title":"Heat shock proteins and viral infection","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.3390\/v13071362","article-title":"The mechanism behind influenza virus cytokine storm","volume":"13","author":"Gu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2015.269","article-title":"The (in)famous GWAS P-value threshold revisited and updated for low-frequency variants","volume":"24","author":"Fadista","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11279-7","article-title":"Incidence of Henoch-Schonlein purpura, Kawasaki disease, and rare vasculitides in children of different ethnic origins","volume":"360","author":"Gardner-Medwin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1248325\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T09:29:40Z","timestamp":1694424580000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1248325\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]]},"references-count":73,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1248325"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1248325","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]]},"article-number":"1248325"}}