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Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human tumor virus associated with various malignancies, including B-lymphoma, NK and T-lymphoma, and epithelial carcinoma. It infects B lymphocytes and epithelial cells within the oropharynx and establishes persistent infection in memory B cells. With a balanced virus-host interaction, most individuals carry EBV asymptomatically because of the lifelong surveillance by T cell immunity against EBV. A stable anti-EBV T cell repertoire is maintained in memory at high frequency in the blood throughout persistent EBV infection. Patients with impaired T cell immunity are more likely to develop life-threatening lymphoproliferative disorders, highlighting the critical role of T cells in achieving the EBV-host balance. Recent studies reveal that the EBV protein, LMP1, triggers robust T-cell responses against multiple tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in B cells. Additionally, EBV-specific T cells have been identified in EBV-unrelated cancers, raising questions about their role in antitumor immunity. Herein, we summarize T-cell responses in EBV-related cancers, considering latency patterns, host immune status, and factors like human leukocyte antigen (HLA) susceptibility, which may affect immune outcomes. We discuss EBV-induced TAA-specific T cell responses and explore the potential roles of EBV-specific T cell subsets in tumor microenvironments. We also describe T-cell immunotherapy strategies that harness EBV antigens, ranging from EBV-specific T cells to T cell receptor-engineered T cells. Lastly, we discuss the involvement of \u03b3\u03b4 T-cells in EBV infection and associated diseases, aiming to elucidate the comprehensive interplay between EBV and T-cell immunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1250946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T14:58:42Z","timestamp":1695999522000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["EBV-induced T-cell responses in EBV-specific and nonspecific cancers"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Qiuting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511545313","volume-title":"Human herpesviruses: biology, therapy, and immunoprophylaxis","author":"Arvin","year":"2007"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9030226","article-title":"Recent advances in diagnostic approaches for epstein-barr virus","volume":"9","author":"AbuSalah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathog Basel Switz"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-021-03824-y","article-title":"Estimating the global burden of Epstein\u2013Barr virus-related cancers","volume":"148","author":"Wong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14603","article-title":"Comprehensive review of post-organ transplant hematologic cancers","volume":"18","author":"Dharnidharka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Transplant Off J Am Soc Transplant Am Soc Transpl Surg"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11899-013-0162-5","article-title":"Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD): risk factors, diagnosis, and current treatment strategies","volume":"8","author":"Al-Mansour","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Hematol Malig Rep"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14020","article-title":"The role of antiviral prophylaxis for the prevention of epstein-barr virus-associated posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease in solid organ transplant recipients: A systematic review","volume":"17","author":"AlDabbagh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Transplant Off J Am Soc Transplant Am Soc Transpl Surg"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20161846","article-title":"Human immunity against EBV-lessons from the clinic","volume":"214","author":"Tangye","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141553","article-title":"Cellular responses to viral infection in humans: lessons from Epstein-Barr virus","volume":"25","author":"Hislop","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.01709","article-title":"Adoptive T-cell therapy for epstein-barr virus-related lymphomas","volume":"39","author":"Heslop","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-03075-w","article-title":"Mechanism of EBV inducing anti-tumour immunity and its therapeutic use","volume":"590","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200008173430707","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus infection","volume":"343","author":"Cohen","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2013.04.005","article-title":"The pathogenesis of Epstein-Barr virus persistent infection","volume":"3","author":"Thorley-Lawson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032414-112326","article-title":"The immunology of Epstein-Barr virus-induced disease","volume":"33","author":"Taylor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00044-10","article-title":"Progress and problems in understanding and managing primary Epstein-Barr virus infections","volume":"24","author":"Odumade","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-7230-7_18","article-title":"Encyclopedia of EBV-encoded lytic genes: an update","volume-title":"Human herpesviruses. 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