{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T23:17:36Z","timestamp":1793315856597,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has cured many patients with malignant hematologic diseases such as mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL), while those relapsing after allo-HSCT still exhibit high mortality, poor prognosis, and no standard treatment modalities. It is necessary to explore more therapeutic modalities for patients with post-transplant relapse to obtain a better prognosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this case report, a young male with MPAL received allo-HSCT after reaching complete remission (CR) by induction chemotherapy. Unfortunately, relapse of both myeloid and T lineages occurred nine months later. After receiving demethylating chemotherapy, myeloid lineage measurable residual disease (MRD) turned negative. T-lineage MRD turned negative after CD7-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy. The bone marrow remained MRD-negative for 4 months. This case preliminarily demonstrated a long-lasting CR with CD7-targeted CAR-T cell therapy, allowing a better prognosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Demethylating drugs combined with CD7-targeted CAR-T cell therapy is feasible in treating MPAL patients with relapse after transplantation, with good efficacy and safety, which will be a promising treatment option for MPAL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1254010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T09:10:00Z","timestamp":1695978600000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Demethylating agents in combination with CD7-targeted CAR-T for the successful treatment of a case with mixed-phenotype acute leukemia relapsed after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guang-cui","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si-han","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-song","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex H.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13315","article-title":"Survival of early posthematopoietic stem cell transplantation relapse of myeloid Malignancies","volume":"103","author":"de Jong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-022-03416-7","article-title":"Relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia: an overview of prevention and treatment","volume":"116","author":"Kreidieh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2015.139105","article-title":"Risk factors for relapse after allogeneic transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"101","author":"Ossenkoppele","year":"2016","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hemonc.2020.11.006","article-title":"Survival following relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for acute leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes in the contemporary era","volume":"14","author":"Hong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22042150","article-title":"A review of clinical outcomes of CAR T-cell therapies for B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"22","author":"Martino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2022.09.003","article-title":"Feasibility and preclinical efficacy of CD7-unedited CD7 CAR T cells for T cell Malignancies","volume":"31","author":"Watanabe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-1271","article-title":"Eradication of T-ALL cells by CD7-targeted universal CAR-T cells and initial test of ruxolitinib-based CRS management","volume":"27","author":"Li.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-022-00352-w","article-title":"Haploidentical CD7 CAR T-cells induced remission in a patient with TP53 mutated relapsed and refractory early T-cell precursor lymphoblastic leukemia\/lymphoma","volume":"10","author":"Dai","year":"2022","journal-title":"biomark Res"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.14367","article-title":"CD7 CAR T bridging to allo-HSCT in R\/R T-ALL: A case report","author":"Fanqiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Transplant"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021014129","article-title":"T\/myeloid MPAL: origin and pathogenesis","volume":"139","author":"McCormack","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-020-01010-w","article-title":"Mixed phenotype acute leukemia: Current approaches to diagnosis and treatment","volume":"23","author":"Alexander","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Oncol Rep"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.149819","article-title":"CD7-deleted hematopoietic stem cells can restore immunity after CAR T cell therapy","volume":"6","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.00389","article-title":"Donor-derived CD7 chimeric antigen receptor T cells for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: first-in-human, phase I trial","volume":"39","author":"Pan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021014498","article-title":"Naturally selected CD7 CAR-T therapy without genetic manipulations for T-ALL\/LBL: first-in-human phase 1 clinical trial","volume":"140","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-018-0065-5","article-title":"An \"off-the-shelf\" fratricide-resistant CAR-T for the treatment of T cell hematologic Malignancies","volume":"32","author":"Cooper","year":"2018","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2018.10.001","article-title":"CD7 CAR T cells for the therapy of acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"27","author":"Gomes-Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"B17","article-title":"Donor-derived CD7 CAR T Cells for patients with Relapse T-ALL after allo-HSCT: Phase I Trial[C]","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"APBMT"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1254010\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T09:10:03Z","timestamp":1695978603000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1254010\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1254010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1254010","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"article-number":"1254010"}}