{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:21:01Z","timestamp":1773879661335,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The significant impact of <jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis(Ct)<\/jats:italic> infections worldwide highlights the need to develop a prophylactic vaccine that elicits effective immunity and protects the host from the immunopathological effects of <jats:italic>Ct<\/jats:italic> infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate a vaccine based on a fragment of the Polymorphic membrane protein D (FPmpD) of <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> as an immunogen using a heterologous DNA prime-protein boost strategy in female mice Three different formulations were evaluated as protein boost: free recombinant FPmpD (rFPmpD) or rFPmpD formulated with a liposomal adjuvant alternatively supplemented with CpG or a cationic <jats:italic>gemini<\/jats:italic> lipopeptide as immunostimulants. The three candidates induced an increase in the cervicovaginal and systemic titers of anti-rFPmpD antibodies in two strains of mice (BALB\/c and C57BL\/6), with no evidence of fertility alterations. The three formulations induced a rapid and robust humoral immune response upon the <jats:italic>Ct<\/jats:italic> challenge. However, the booster with free rFPmpD more efficiently reduced the shedding of infective <jats:italic>Ct<\/jats:italic> and prevented the development of immunopathology. The formulations containing adjuvant induced a strong inflammatory reaction in the uterine tissue. Hence, the prime-boost strategy with the adjuvant-free FPmpD vaccine formulation might constitute a promissory candidate to prevent <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> intravaginal infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1267684","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T18:48:32Z","timestamp":1700160512000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of three formulations based on Polymorphic membrane protein D in mice infected with Chlamydia trachomatis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Romina Cecilia","family":"Russi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"del Balzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivana 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