{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T00:56:03Z","timestamp":1793580963540,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent clinical studies have demonstrated that immunotherapy-based neoadjuvant therapy have promising effectiveness for patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in terms of pathologic response. Therefore, we performed this study to investigate whether immunotherapy-based neoadjuvant therapy is effective and safe for patients with resectable NSCLC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This open-label observational two-arm clinical study was performed at Shanghai Chest Hospital in China with patients who had resectable NSCLC and received two to three cycles of immunotherapy-based neoadjuvant therapy or neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone, followed by surgical resection. The primary endpoint was a major pathologic response (MPR). The secondary endpoints include a complete pathological response (pCR), a radiologic response to neoadjuvant therapy (TRR), event-free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 51 patients was included in this clinical study, of which 31 patients received immunotherapy-based neoadjuvant therapy and 20 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone. The percentage of patients achieving a major pathologic response was 41.9% with immunotherapy-based neoadjuvant therapy and 15.0% (95% CI, 0.008 to 0.468; P = 0.043) with neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone. The percentage of patients with pathologic complete response was 19.4% in the immunotherapy-based group and 5% (95% CI, -0.069 to 0.318; P = 0.223) in the chemotherapy group. The radiographic response rate was 71% after immunotherapy-based neoadjuvant therapy and 60% (95% CI, -0.143 to 0.359; P = 0.417) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. At a median follow-up of 28 months, the median EFS and OS endpoints were not reached.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neoadjuvant immunotherapy offers a considerable advantage over chemotherapy alone for resectable NSCLC in terms of the major pathologic response. Moreover, it did not enhance the risk of adverse events or hinder surgical resection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1268251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T00:49:35Z","timestamp":1695689375000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Real-world outcomes of immunotherapy-based neoadjuvant therapy in resectable non-small cell lung cancer"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linping","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuwen","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaxian","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shun","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21708","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2022","volume":"72","author":"Siegel","year":"2022","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-019-0807-5","article-title":"Union for China Lymphoma Investigators of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology; Union for China Leukemia Investigators of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology. 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