{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:31:50Z","timestamp":1791498710722,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>EBV<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> lymphomas constitute a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic cell (HCT) and solid organ transplants (SOT). Phase I and II trials have shown that in HCT recipients, adoptive transfer of EBV-specific T-cells from the HCT donor can safely induce durable remissions of EBV<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> lymphomas including 70-&amp;gt;90% of patients who have failed to respond to treatment with Rituximab. More recently, EBV-specific T-cells generated from allogeneic 3<jats:sup>rd<\/jats:sup> party donors have also been shown to induce durable remission of EBV<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> lymphomas in Rituximab refractory HCT and SOT recipients. In this review, we compare results of phase I and II trials of 3<jats:sup>rd<\/jats:sup> party and donor derived EBV-specific T-cells. We focus on the attributes and limitations of each product in terms of access, safety, responses achieved and durability. The limited data available regarding donor and host factors contributing to T cell persistence is also described. We examine factors contributing to treatment failures and approaches to prevent or salvage relapse. Lastly, we summarize strategies to further improve results for virus-specific immunotherapies for post-transplant EBV lymphomas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1290059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T05:06:50Z","timestamp":1704949610000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Virus-specific T-cells from third party or transplant donors for treatment of EBV lymphoproliferative diseases arising post hematopoietic cell or solid organ transplantation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Richard J.","family":"O\u2019Reilly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Prockop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph H.","family":"Oved","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-13150-4_13","article-title":"Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders","volume":"165","author":"Singavi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Res"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2010.272","article-title":"High incidence of post transplant lymphoproliferative disorder after antithymocyte globulin-based conditioning and ineffective prediction by day 28 EBV-specific T lymphocyte counts","volume":"46","author":"Hoegh-Petersen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12534","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus-related post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in solid organ transplant recipients","author":"San-Juan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150835","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/150835","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of B-cell posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder: what do we know so far","volume":"2013","author":"Morscio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Dev Immunol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2015.08.007","article-title":"Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders: from epidemiology to pathogenesis-driven treatment","volume":"369","author":"Petrara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.18065","article-title":"Incidence and outcomes of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease after 5365 solid-organ transplants over a 20-year period at two UK transplant centres","volume":"197","author":"Santarsieri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e318269e64f","article-title":"The Seville expert workshop for progress in posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders","volume":"94","author":"Glotz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(11)70300-X","article-title":"Sequential treatment with rituximab followed by CHOP chemotherapy in adult B-cell post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD): the prospective international multicentre phase 2 PTLD-1 trial","volume":"13","author":"Trappe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3062.2001.003002108.x","article-title":"Interferon and cytotoxic chemotherapy for the treatment of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder","volume":"3","author":"Davis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-08-371971","article-title":"Adoptive immunotherapy with unselected or EBV-specific T cells for biopsy-proven EBV+ lymphomas after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation","volume":"119","author":"Doubrovina","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI121127","article-title":"Off-the-shelf EBV-specific T cell immunotherapy for rituximab-refractory EBV-associated lymphoma following transplantation","volume":"130","author":"Prockop","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit391","article-title":"Response to rituximab-based therapy and risk factor analysis in Epstein Barr Virus-related lymphoproliferative disorder after hematopoietic stem cell transplant in children and adults: a study from the Infectious Diseases Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation","volume":"57","author":"Styczynski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B13","article-title":"Risk of lymphoproliferative disorders after bone marrow transplantation: a multi-institutional study","volume":"94","author":"Curtis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2013.087338","article-title":"Risk factors for Epstein-Barr virus-related post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"99","author":"Uhlin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2021.09.021","article-title":"Risk Factors for the Incidence of and the Mortality due to Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation","volume":"28","author":"Kinzel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transplant Cell Ther"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V95.3.807.003k24_807_814","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) load in bone marrow transplant recipients at risk to develop posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease: prophylactic infusion of EBV-specific cytotoxic T cells","volume":"95","author":"Gustafsson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-07-232454","article-title":"Cytotoxic T lymphocyte therapy with donor T cells prevents and treats adenovirus and Epstein-Barr virus infections after haploidentical and matched unrelated stem cell transplantation","volume":"114","author":"Leen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.12.4364","article-title":"Prevention of Epstein-Barr virus-lymphoproliferative disease by molecular monitoring and preemptive rituximab in high-risk patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation","volume":"99","author":"van Esser","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-019-0699-6","article-title":"Pre-emptive rituximab treatment for Epstein-Barr virus reactivation after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a worthwhile strategy in high-risk recipients: a comparative study for immune recovery and clinical outcomes","volume":"55","author":"Stocker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2007.01823.x","article-title":"Preemptive therapy of EBV-related lymphoproliferative disease after pediatric haploidentical stem cell transplantation","volume":"7","author":"Comoli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2013.170","article-title":"EBV-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder following in vivo T-cell-depleted allogeneic transplantation: clinical features, viral load correlates and prognostic factors in the rituximab era","volume":"49","author":"Fox","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199404283301703","article-title":"Infusions of donor leukocytes to treat Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorders after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation","volume":"330","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91150-2","article-title":"Use of gene-modified virus-specific T lymphocytes to control Epstein-Barr-virus-related lymphoproliferation","volume":"345","author":"Rooney","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2007.06.020","article-title":"T cell therapy of Epstein-Barr virus and adenovirus infections after hemopoietic stem cell transplant","volume":"40","author":"Comoli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood Cells Mol Dis"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.8.9.1265","article-title":"Adoptive cell therapy against EBV-related Malignancies: a survey of clinical results","volume":"8","author":"Merlo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Opin Biol Ther"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2012.111","article-title":"T-cell therapy in the treatment of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease","volume":"9","author":"Bollard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0000000000000031","article-title":"T-cell therapy using a bank of EBV-specific cytotoxic T cells: lessons from a phase I\/II feasibility and safety study","volume":"37","author":"Gallot","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunother"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09672-1","article-title":"Treatment of Epstein-Barr-virus-positive post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease with partly HLA-matched allogeneic cytotoxic T cells","volume":"360","author":"Haque","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002371-200407000-00007","article-title":"Establishment and characterization of a bank of cytotoxic T lymphocytes for immunotherapy of epstein-barr virus-associated diseases","volume":"27","author":"Wilkie","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunother"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-018-1498-3","article-title":"Clinical-grade generation of peptide-stimulated CMV\/EBV-specific T cells from G-CSF mobilized stem cell grafts","volume":"16","author":"Gary","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Trans Med"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1475","article-title":"Monoculture-derived T lymphocytes specific for multiple viruses expand and produce clinically relevant effects in immunocompromised individuals","volume":"12","author":"Leen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2013.151","article-title":"Safety and clinical efficacy of rapidly-generated trivirus-directed T cells as treatment for adenovirus, EBV, and CMV infections after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant","volume":"21","author":"Gerdemann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2012.130","article-title":"Rapidly generated multivirus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes for the prophylaxis and treatment of viral infections","volume":"20","author":"Gerdemann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3008825","article-title":"Activity of broad-spectrum T cells as treatment for AdV, EBV, CMV, BKV, and HHV6 infections after HSCT","volume":"6","author":"Papadopoulou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2017010223","article-title":"Long-term control of recurrent or refractory viral infections after allogeneic HSCT with third-party virus-specific T cells","volume":"1","author":"Withers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.39.8495","article-title":"Adoptive transfer of epstein-barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 1-specific t cells as treatment for EBV reactivation and lymphoproliferative disorders after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation","volume":"31","author":"Icheva","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-08-236356","article-title":"Effective and long-term control of EBV PTLD after transfer of peptide-selected T cells","volume":"115","author":"Moosmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI163548","article-title":"Patient-tailored adoptive immunotherapy with EBV-specific T cells from related and unrelated donors","volume":"133","author":"Bonifacius","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0000000000000197","article-title":"Early experience with cliniMACS prodigy CCS (IFN-gamma) system in selection of virus-specific T cells from third-party donors for pediatric patients with severe viral infections after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"41","author":"Kallay","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Immunother"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010206","article-title":"Reconstitution of EBV-directed T cell immunity by adoptive transfer of peptide-stimulated T cells in a patient after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for AITL","volume":"18","author":"Lammoglia Cobo","year":"2022","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000079832.00991.EE","article-title":"Tumor origin and CD20 expression in posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder occurring in solid organ transplant recipients: implications for immune-based therapy","volume":"76","author":"Gulley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002889","article-title":"Deep sequencing of antiviral T-cell responses to HCMV and EBV in humans reveals a stable repertoire that is maintained for many years","volume":"8","author":"Klarenbeek","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI128323","article-title":"T cell repertoire remodeling following post-transplant T cell therapy coincides with clinical response","volume":"129","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-02-486324","article-title":"Multicenter study of banked third-party virus-specific T cells to treat severe viral infections after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"121","author":"Leen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.73.0655","article-title":"Off-the-shelf virus-specific T cells to treat BK virus, human herpesvirus 6, cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr virus, and adenovirus infections after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation","volume":"35","author":"Tzannou","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-22-2415","article-title":"Posoleucel, an allogeneic, off-the-shelf multivirus-specific T-cell therapy, for the treatment of refractory viral infections in the post-HCT setting","volume":"29","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.12.1311","article-title":"Adoptive immunotherapy for primary immunodeficiency disorders with virus-specific T lymphocytes","volume":"137","author":"Naik","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-12-063008","article-title":"Allogeneic cytotoxic T-cell therapy for EBV-positive posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disease: results of a phase 2 multicenter clinical trial","volume":"110","author":"Haque","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141553","article-title":"Cellular responses to viral infection in humans: lessons from Epstein-Barr virus","volume":"25","author":"Hislop","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-157766","article-title":"New and updated results from a multicenter, open-label, global phase 3 study of tabelecleucel (Tab-cel) for epstein-barr virus-positive post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (EBV+ PTLD) following allogeneic hematopoietic cell (HCT) or solid organ transplant (SOT) after failure of rituximab or rituximab and chemotherapy (ALLELE)","volume":"140","author":"Mahadeo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2007.01796.x","article-title":"Immunity, homing and efficacy of allogeneic adoptive immunotherapy for posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders","volume":"7","author":"Gandhi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-08-239186","article-title":"Long-term outcome of EBV-specific T-cell infusions to prevent or treat EBV-related lymphoproliferative disease in transplant recipients","volume":"115","author":"Heslop","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.00854.x","article-title":"Treatment of EBV-related post-renal transplant lymphoproliferative disease with a tailored regimen including EBV-specific T cells","volume":"5","author":"Comoli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-05-021782","article-title":"Treatment of solid organ transplant recipients with autologous Epstein Barr virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)","volume":"108","author":"Savoldo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.18.10391","article-title":"Activation and adoptive transfer of Epstein-Barr virus-specific cytotoxic T cells in solid organ transplant patients with posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease","volume":"96","author":"Khanna","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B56","article-title":"Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders arising in solid organ transplant recipients are usually of recipient origin","volume":"147","author":"Chadburn","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2002.03683.x","article-title":"Safety of allogeneic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes for patients with refractory EBV-related lymphoma","volume":"118","author":"Sun","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis625","article-title":"Rapid salvage treatment with virus-specific T cells for therapy-resistant disease","volume":"55","author":"Uhlin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-04-281873","article-title":"Successful treatment of EBV-associated posttransplantation lymphoma after cord blood transplantation using third-party EBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes","volume":"116","author":"Barker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13051","article-title":"Establishment and operation of a Good Manufacturing Practice-compliant allogeneic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific cytotoxic cell bank for the treatment of EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disease","volume":"167","author":"Vickers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2023.01.027","article-title":"Third-party and patient-specific donor-derived virus-specific T cells demonstrate similar efficacy and safety for management of viral infections after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children and young adults","volume":"29","author":"Galletta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transplant Cell Ther"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022007103","article-title":"Third-party CMV- and EBV-specific T-cells for first viral reactivation after allogeneic stem cell transplant","volume":"6","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-6367(22)00163-4","article-title":"Third-party virus-specific T-cell infusion for the treatment of refractory viral infections: results from PBMTC SUP1701","volume":"28","author":"Keller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transplant Cell Ther"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01475","article-title":"Dissecting epstein-barr virus-specific T-cell responses after allogeneic EBV-specific T-cell transfer for central nervous system posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease","volume":"9","author":"Schultze-Florey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.13133","article-title":"Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte therapy for post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder after solid organ transplantation in children","volume":"22","author":"Chiou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Transplant"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0596-551","article-title":"Long-term restoration of immunity against Epstein-Barr virus infection by adoptive transfer of gene-modified virus-specific T lymphocytes","volume":"2","author":"Heslop","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.3.1215","article-title":"Human Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes home preferentially to and induce selective regressions of autologous EBV-induced B cell lymphoproliferations in xenografted C","volume":"183","author":"Lacerda","year":"1996","journal-title":"B-17 scid\/scid mice J Exp Med"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt805","article-title":"Serial in vivo imaging of the targeted migration of human HSV-TK-transduced antigen-specific lymphocytes","volume":"21","author":"Koehne","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-05-552729","article-title":"Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of cytokine release syndrome","volume":"124","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707447","article-title":"Axicabtagene ciloleucel CAR T-cell therapy in refractory large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"377","author":"Neelapu","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2019.12.590","article-title":"Durable remission following \"Off-the-shelf\" Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells in patients with relapse\/refractory (R\/R) B-cell Malignancies","volume":"26","author":"Curran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Tr"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V92.5.1549.417k32_1549_1555","article-title":"Infusion of cytotoxic T cells for the prevention and treatment of Epstein-Barr virus-induced lymphoma in allogeneic transplant recipients","volume":"92","author":"Rooney","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation.V2012.1.143.3798224","article-title":"Novel cellular therapies for leukemia: CAR-modified T cells targeted to the CD19 antigen","volume":"2012","author":"Brentjens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hematol Am Soc Hematol Educ Program"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2017.12.802","article-title":"Ultra-sensitive droplet digital PCR for the assessment of microchimerism in cellular therapies","volume":"24","author":"Kliman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI138649","article-title":"Autologous CMV-specific T cells are a safe adjuvant immunotherapy for primary glioblastoma multiforme","volume":"130","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy549","article-title":"Autologous adoptive T-cell therapy for recurrent or drug-resistant cytomegalovirus complications in solid organ transplant recipients: A single-arm open-label phase I clinical trial","volume":"68","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.51.5304","article-title":"Sustained complete responses in patients with lymphoma receiving autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes targeting Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane proteins","volume":"32","author":"Bollard","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-03-011791","article-title":"Marked increased risk of Epstein-Barr virus-related complications with the addition of antithymocyte globulin to a nonmyeloablative conditioning prior to unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation","volume":"108","author":"Brunstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020002735","article-title":"Adoptive therapy with CMV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes depends on baseline CD4+ immunity to mediate durable responses","volume":"5","author":"Fabrizio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e318276a19f","article-title":"Comparison of the effect of standard and novel immunosuppressive drugs on CMV-specific T-cell cytokine profiling","volume":"95","author":"Egli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12603","article-title":"Different in vitro proliferation and cytokine-production inhibition of memory T-cell subsets after calcineurin and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors treatment","volume":"148","author":"Merino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1139274","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2016.1139274","article-title":"Rituximab-based treatments followed by adoptive cellular immunotherapy for biopsy-proven EBV-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"5","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.16628","article-title":"Successful treatment of Epstein-Barr virus-associated primary central nervous system lymphoma due to post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder, with ibrutinib and third-party Epstein-Barr virus-specific T cells","volume":"21","author":"Law","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-019-0600-z","article-title":"Generation and infusion of multi-antigen-specific T cells to prevent complications early after T-cell depleted allogeneic stem cell transplantation-a phase I\/II study","volume":"34","author":"Roex","year":"2020","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2008.10.008","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus evasion of CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cell immunity via concerted actions of multiple gene products","volume":"18","author":"Ressing","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-22834-1_12","article-title":"Immune evasion by epstein-barr virus","volume":"391","author":"Ressing","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.657387","article-title":"Immune escape by non-coding RNAs of the epstein barr virus","volume":"12","author":"Munz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1997.460","article-title":"Genomic alterations in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: loss of heterozygosity and Epstein-Barr virus infection","volume":"76","author":"Mutirangura","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0811036","article-title":"Loss of mismatched HLA in leukemia after stem-cell transplantation","volume":"361","author":"Vago","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-11-254284","article-title":"Relapse of leukemia with loss of mismatched HLA resulting from uniparental disomy after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"115","author":"Villalobos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004322","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004322","article-title":"Cooperation between Epstein-Barr virus immune evasion proteins spreads protection from CD8+ T cell recognition across all three phases of the lytic cycle","volume":"10","author":"Quinn","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.4.835","article-title":"An Epstein-Barr virus deletion mutant associated with fatal lymphoproliferative disease unresponsive to therapy with virus-specific CTLs","volume":"97","author":"Gottschalk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI58092","article-title":"EBNA3B-deficient EBV promotes B cell lymphomagenesis in humanized mice and is found in human tumors","volume":"122","author":"White","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1882","article-title":"Virus-specific T cells engineered to coexpress tumor-specific receptors: persistence and antitumor activity in individuals with neuroblastoma","volume":"14","author":"Pule","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-06-506741","article-title":"Infusion of donor-derived CD19-redirected virus-specific T cells for B-cell Malignancies relapsed after allogeneic stem cell transplant: a phase 1 study","volume":"122","author":"Cruz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-11-3399","article-title":"Effective treatment of metastatic forms of Epstein-Barr virus-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma with a novel adenovirus-based adoptive immunotherapy","volume":"72","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302281","article-title":"CD8 T cell-evasive functions of human cytomegalovirus display pervasive MHC allele specificity, complementarity, and cooperativity","volume":"192","author":"Ameres","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.63.7.3135-3141.1989","article-title":"5-Azacytidine up regulates the expression of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA-2) through EBNA-6 and latent membrane protein in the Burkitt's lymphoma line rael","volume":"63","author":"Masucci","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019004126","article-title":"Epigenetic reprogramming sensitizes immunologically silent EBV+ lymphomas to virus-directed immunotherapy","volume":"135","author":"Dalton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-01-024703","article-title":"A phase 1\/2 trial of arginine butyrate and ganciclovir in patients with Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoid Malignancies","volume":"109","author":"Perrine","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-05-091280","article-title":"Complete responses of relapsed lymphoma following genetic modification of tumor-antigen presenting cells and T-lymphocyte transfer","volume":"110","author":"Bollard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-07-863654","article-title":"EBV\/LMP-specific T cells maintain remissions of T- and B-cell EBV lymphomas after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation","volume":"132","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.32.2537","article-title":"Tumor regression in patients with metastatic synovial cell sarcoma and melanoma using genetically engineered lymphocytes reactive with NY-ESO-1","volume":"29","author":"Robbins","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1129003","article-title":"Cancer regression in patients after transfer of genetically engineered lymphocytes","volume":"314","author":"Morgan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0472-9","article-title":"T cell receptor gene therapy targeting WT1 prevents acute myeloid leukemia relapse post-transplant","volume":"25","author":"Chapuis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.00713","article-title":"The global landscape of EBV-associated tumors","volume":"9","author":"Shannon-Lowe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.15.1.405","article-title":"Human cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to Epstein-Barr virus infection","volume":"15","author":"Rickinson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199802)28:02<451::AID-IMMU451>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Identification of cytotoxic T cell epitopes within Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) oncogene latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1): evidence for HLA A2 supertype-restricted immune recognition of EBV-infected cells by LMP1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes","volume":"28","author":"Khanna","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2017.475","article-title":"A novel Epstein\u2013Barr virus-latent membrane protein-1-specific T-cell receptor for TCR gene therapy","volume":"118","author":"Cho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2012.04286.x","article-title":"Cord blood T cells retain early differentiation phenotype suitable for immunotherapy after TCR gene transfer to confer EBV specificity","volume":"13","author":"Frumento","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-14-0203-T","article-title":"Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) A*1101-restricted epstein-barr virus-specific T-cell receptor gene transfer to target nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"3","author":"Zheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2020.283","article-title":"Generation of epstein-barr virus antigen-specific T cell receptors recognizing immunodominant epitopes of LMP1, LMP2A, and EBNA3C for immunotherapy","volume":"32","author":"Dudaniec","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Gene Ther"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.1.83","article-title":"Epitope-dependent selection of highly restricted or diverse T cell receptor repertoires in response to persistent infection by epstein-barr virus","volume":"186","author":"Campos-Lima","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.2.594","article-title":"The clonal composition of a peptide-specific oligoclonal CTL repertoire selected in response to persistent EBV infection is stable over time","volume":"161","author":"Levitsky","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.4.2001","article-title":"Frequent contribution of T cell clonotypes with public TCR features to the chronic response against a dominant EBV-derived epitope: application to direct detection of their molecular imprint on the human peripheral T cell repertoire","volume":"165","author":"Lim","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.182.6.1703","article-title":"T cell receptor repertoire for a viral epitope in humans is diversified by tolerance to a background major histocompatibility complex antigen","volume":"182","author":"Burrows","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2022.03.005","article-title":"Rapid single-cell identification of Epstein-Barr virus-specific T-cell receptors for cellular therapy","volume":"24","author":"Lammoglia Cobo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxh401","article-title":"T cell re-targeting to EBV antigens following TCR gene transfer: CD28-containing receptors mediate enhanced antigen-specific IFN\u03b3 production","volume":"18","author":"Schaft","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/onci.22590","article-title":"Human MHC Class I-restricted high avidity CD4(+) T cells generated by co-transfer of TCR and CD8 mediate efficient tumor rejection in vivo","volume":"2","author":"Xue","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001198","article-title":"Genetic and structural basis for selection of a ubiquitous T cell receptor deployed in Epstein-Barr virus infection","volume":"6","author":"Miles","year":"2010","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1290059\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T05:06:53Z","timestamp":1704949613000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1290059\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"references-count":120,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1290059"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1290059","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"article-number":"1290059"}}