{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:16:04Z","timestamp":1792808164134,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":210,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>T-cell-mediated autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells (\u03b2-cells). The increasing prevalence of T1D poses significant challenges to the healthcare system, particularly in countries with struggling economies. This review paper highlights the multifaceted roles of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) in the context of T1D, shedding light on their potential as regulators of immune responses and \u03b2-cell biology. Recent research has elucidated the intricate interplay between CD4+ T cell subsets, such as Tregs and Th17, in developing autoimmune diseases like T1D. Th17 cells drive inflammation, while Tregs exert immunosuppressive functions, highlighting the delicate balance crucial for immune homeostasis. Immunotherapy has shown promise in reinstating self-tolerance and restricting the destruction of autoimmune responses, but further investigations are required to refine these therapeutic strategies. Intriguingly, PPARs, initially recognized for their role in lipid metabolism, have emerged as potent modulators of inflammation in autoimmune diseases, particularly in T1D. Although evidence suggests that PPARs affect the \u03b2-cell function, their influence on T-cell responses and their potential impact on T1D remains largely unexplored. It was noted that PPAR\u03b1 is involved in restricting the transcription of IL17A and enhancing the expression of Foxp3 by minimizing its proteasomal degradation. Thus, antagonizing PPARs may exert beneficial effects in regulating the differentiation of CD4+ T cells and preventing T1D. Therefore, this review advocates for comprehensive investigations to delineate the precise roles of PPARs in T1D pathogenesis, offering innovative therapeutic avenues that target both the immune system and pancreatic function. This review paper seeks to bridge the knowledge gap between PPARs, immune responses, and T1D, providing insights that may revolutionize the treatment landscape for this autoimmune disorder. Moreover, further studies involving PPAR agonists in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice hold promise for developing novel T1D therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1292238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T21:16:35Z","timestamp":1698095795000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["PPARs at the crossroads of T cell differentiation and type 1 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Farooq","family":"Riaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)32374-6","article-title":"The lancet commission on diabetes: using data to transform diabetes care and patient lives","volume":"396","author":"Chan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(17)30058-2","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes","volume":"389","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-S002","article-title":"2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of medical care in diabetes\u20142021","volume":"44","author":"Association","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107843","article-title":"Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: results from the international diabetes federation diabetes atlas, 9(Th) edition","volume":"157","author":"Saeedi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108078","article-title":"Diabetes and global ageing among 65-99-year-old adults: findings from the international diabetes federation diabetes atlas, 9(Th) edition","volume":"162","author":"Sinclair","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2022.103901","article-title":"The increasing rate of diabetes in Pakistan: A silent killer","volume":"79","author":"Azeem","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (2012)"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1089\/pop.2015.0181","article-title":"Diabetes 2030: insights from yesterday, today, and future trends","volume":"20","author":"Rowley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Population Health Manage"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14790","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71908-9","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden and trend of diabetes in 195 countries and territories: an analysis from 1990 to 2025","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(23)01301-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"402","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2008-0027","article-title":"Effects of growth hormone on glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism in human subjects","volume":"30","author":"M\u00f8ller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrine Rev"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.04.005","article-title":"Insulin and growth hormone balance: implications for obesity","volume":"31","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metabolism: TEM"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00343","article-title":"T cell-mediated beta cell destruction: autoimmunity and alloimmunity in the context of type 1 diabetes","volume":"8","author":"Burrack","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci164460","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes: what is the role of autoimmunity in \u03b2 Cell death","volume":"132","author":"Donath","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/poc.0000000000000125","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes - a clinical perspective","volume":"16","author":"Kahanovitz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Point Care"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12597","article-title":"Genetics of type 1 diabetes","volume":"19","author":"Redondo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(16)30582-7","article-title":"Genetic risk factors for type 1 diabetes","volume":"387","author":"Pociot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2010.148221","article-title":"Genetics of type 1 diabetes","volume":"57","author":"Steck","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(16)30507-4","article-title":"Environmental risk factors for type 1 diabetes","volume":"387","author":"Rewers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.737964","article-title":"Environmental determinants of type 1 diabetes: from association to proving causality","volume":"12","author":"Quinn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dci20-0053","article-title":"Social determinants of health and diabetes: A scientific review","volume":"44","author":"Hill-Briggs","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.12220","article-title":"The social determinants of health for people with type 1 diabetes that progress to end-stage renal disease","volume":"18","author":"Hill","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Expectations"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2011.02765.x","article-title":"What causes type 1 diabetes? Lessons from animal models","author":"Buschard","year":"2011","journal-title":"APMIS Supplementum"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10012","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241210012","article-title":"Anti-islet autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes","volume":"24","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13349","article-title":"Islet-immune interactions in type 1 diabetes: the nexus of beta cell destruction","volume":"198","author":"Peters","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a007658","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a007658","article-title":"Islet autoantigens: structure, function, localization, and regulation","volume":"2","author":"Arvan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspect Med"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.667989","article-title":"Neoepitopes in type 1 diabetes: etiological insights, biomarkers and therapeutic targets","volume":"12","author":"Rodriguez-Calvo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-022-05843-x","article-title":"Stratifying risk for onset of type 1 diabetes using islet autoantibody trajectory clustering","volume":"66","author":"Mistry","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnab013","article-title":"Advances in type 1 diabetes prediction using islet autoantibodies: beyond a simple count","volume":"42","author":"So","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrine Rev"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41745-023-00356-x","article-title":"Precision medicine in type 1 diabetes","volume":"103","author":"Michalek","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Indian Institute Sci"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00262","article-title":"Environmental factors contribute to \u03b2 Cell endoplasmic reticulum stress and neo-antigen formation in type 1 diabetes","volume":"8","author":"Marr\u00e9","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03860.x","article-title":"Analysis of islet inflammation in human type 1 diabetes","volume":"155","author":"Willcox","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.09.009","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes genes and pathways shared by humans and nod mice","author":"Wicker","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08933","article-title":"Genetics, pathogenesis and clinical interventions in type 1 diabetes","volume":"464","author":"Bluestone","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03943-0","article-title":"Lrh-1 agonism favours an immune-islet dialogue which protects against diabetes mellitus","volume":"9","author":"Cobo-Vuilleumier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213-8587(18)30112-8","article-title":"The challenge of modulating \u03b2-cell autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes","volume":"7","author":"Atkinson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6198628","article-title":"Ppars and the development of type 1 diabetes","volume":"2020","author":"Holm","year":"2020","journal-title":"PPAR Res"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10059-012-2297-y","article-title":"The nuclear receptor ppars as important regulators of T-cell functions and autoimmune diseases","volume":"33","author":"Choi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecules Cells"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1076","article-title":"Overexpression of ppar\u03b3 Specifically in pancreatic \u03b2-cells exacerbates obesity-induced glucose intolerance, reduces \u03b2-cell mass, and alters islet lipid metabolism in male mice","volume":"155","author":"Hogh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"w13071","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2010.13071","article-title":"Multifaceted roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (Ppars) at the cellular and whole organism levels","volume":"140","author":"Yessoufou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Swiss Med Weekly"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(74)91201-x","article-title":"Hl-a antigens and diabetes mellitus","volume":"2","author":"Nerup","year":"1974","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.381","article-title":"Genome-wide association study and meta-analysis find that over 40 loci affect risk of type 1 diabetes","volume":"41","author":"Barrett","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501282","article-title":"Dendritic cells guide islet autoimmunity through a restricted and uniquely processed peptidome presented by high-risk hla-dr","volume":"196","author":"van Lummel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Immunol (Baltimore Md 1950)"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-1031","article-title":"Discovery of a selective islet peptidome presented by the highest-risk hla-dq8trans molecule","volume":"65","author":"van Lummel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0397-293","article-title":"The insulin gene is transcribed in the human thymus and transcription levels correlated with allelic variation at the ins vntr-iddm2 susceptibility locus for type 1 diabetes","volume":"15","author":"Pugliese","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0397-289","article-title":"Insulin expression in human thymus is modulated by ins vntr alleles at the iddm2 locus","volume":"15","author":"Vafiadis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1323","article-title":"A functional variant of lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase is associated with type I diabetes","volume":"36","author":"Bottini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/429843","article-title":"Localization of a type 1 diabetes locus in the il2ra\/cd25 region by use of tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms","volume":"76","author":"Vella","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-021-05457-9","article-title":"The oxylipin profile is associated with development of type 1 diabetes: the diabetes autoimmunity study in the young (Daisy)","volume":"64","author":"Buckner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15040945","article-title":"An oxylipin-related nutrient pattern and risk of type 1 diabetes in the diabetes autoimmunity study in the young (Daisy)","volume":"15","author":"Buckner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/an.114.007732","article-title":"Advances in our understanding of oxylipins derived from dietary pufas","volume":"6","author":"Gabbs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Nutr (Bethesda Md)"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1040993","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis of oxylipins and oxylipin profiles in a pediatric population","volume":"10","author":"Buckner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115643","article-title":"The nod mouse: A model of immune dysregulation","volume":"23","author":"Anderson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1900\/rds.2009.6.97","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes development requires both cd4+ and cd8+ T cells and can be reversed by non-depleting antibodies targeting both T cell populations","volume":"6","author":"Phillips","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Diabetic Stud RDS"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20111187","article-title":"Demonstration of islet-autoreactive cd8 T cells in insulitic lesions from recent onset and long-term type 1 diabetes patients","volume":"209","author":"Coppieters","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-1237-z","article-title":"Accumulation of autoreactive effector T cells and allo-specific regulatory T cells in the pancreas allograft of a type 1 diabetic recipient","volume":"52","author":"Velthuis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db16-1025","article-title":"Islet-derived cd4 T cells targeting proinsulin in human autoimmune diabetes","volume":"66","author":"Michels","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4203","article-title":"Analysis of self-antigen specificity of islet-infiltrating T cells from human donors with type 1 diabetes","volume":"22","author":"Babon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/345632a0","article-title":"T-cell clones from a type-1 diabetes patient respond to insulin secretory granule proteins","volume":"345","author":"Roep","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1710415114","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes induction in humanized mice","volume":"114","author":"Tan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci United States America"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci35449","article-title":"Ctls are targeted to kill beta cells in patients with type 1 diabetes through recognition of a glucose-regulated preproinsulin epitope","volume":"118","author":"Skowera","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4289","article-title":"Autoimmunity against a defective ribosomal insulin gene product in type 1 diabetes","volume":"23","author":"Kracht","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0549","article-title":"Increased immune cell infiltration of the exocrine pancreas: A possible contribution to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes","volume":"63","author":"Rodriguez-Calvo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04248-x","article-title":"An autoimmune stem-like cd8 T cell population drives type 1 diabetes","volume":"602","author":"Gearty","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-1520","article-title":"Circulating preproinsulin signal peptide-specific cd8 T cells restricted by the susceptibility molecule hla-A24 are expanded at onset of type 1 diabetes and kill \u03b2-cells","volume":"61","author":"Kronenberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13391","article-title":"Circulating \u03b2 Cell-specific cd8(+) T cells restricted by high-risk hla class I molecules show antigen experience in children with and at risk of type 1 diabetes","volume":"199","author":"Yeo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.606434","article-title":"New insights into the role of autoreactive cd8 T cells and cytokines in human type 1 diabetes","volume":"11","author":"Bender","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aao4013","article-title":"Islet-reactive cd8(+) T cell frequencies in the pancreas, but not in blood, distinguish type 1 diabetic patients from healthy donors","volume":"3","author":"Culina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2016.11.002","article-title":"Demonstration of tissue resident memory cd8 T cells in insulitic lesions in adult patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes","volume":"187","author":"Kuric","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jaut.1998.0264","article-title":"Both cd4(+)and cd8(+)T cells are required for ifn-gamma gene expression in pancreatic islets and autoimmune diabetes development in biobreeding rats","volume":"12","author":"El-Sheikh","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0896-8411(03)00039-8","article-title":"Il-1beta, ifn-gamma and tnf-alpha increase vulnerability of pancreatic beta cells to autoimmune destruction","volume":"20","author":"Wachlin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00630","article-title":"Pancreatic alpha-cells contribute together with beta-cells to cxcl10 expression in type 1 diabetes","volume":"11","author":"Nigi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1707-y","article-title":"Palmitate induces a pro-inflammatory response in human pancreatic islets that mimics ccl2 expression by beta cells in type 2 diabetes","volume":"53","author":"Igoillo-Esteve","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-1309","article-title":"Islet expression of M3 uncovers a key role for chemokines in the development and recruitment of diabetogenic cells in nod mice","volume":"57","author":"Martin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051622","article-title":"Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 is expressed in pancreatic islets from prediabetic nod mice and in interleukin-1 beta-exposed human and rat islet cells","volume":"44","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3767","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22073767","article-title":"Characterization of type I interferon-associated chemokines and cytokines in lacrimal glands of nonobese diabetic mice","volume":"22","author":"Allred","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.47.5.727","article-title":"Human islets of langerhans express fas ligand and undergo apoptosis in response to interleukin-1beta and fas ligation","volume":"47","author":"Loweth","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2008.81","article-title":"In vivo effects of cytokines on pancreatic beta-cells in models of type I diabetes dependent on cd4(+) T lymphocytes","volume":"87","author":"Angstetra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.12.6292","article-title":"Fas is detectable on beta cells in accelerated, but not spontaneous, diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice","volume":"170","author":"Darwiche","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol (Baltimore Md 1950)"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22041765","article-title":"Crosstalk between macrophages and pancreatic \u03b2-cells in islet development, homeostasis and disease","volume":"22","author":"Cosentino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2016.02.001","article-title":"Life and death of \u03b2 Cells in type 1 diabetes: A comprehensive review","volume":"71","author":"Wilcox","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2019.100775","article-title":"Islet macrophages shift to a reparative state following pancreatic beta-cell death and are a major source of islet insulin-like growth factor-1","volume":"23","author":"Nackiewicz","year":"2020","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0801973105","article-title":"Dendritic cells in islets of langerhans constitutively present beta cell-derived peptides bound to their class ii mhc molecules","volume":"105","author":"Calderon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci United States America"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2016.08.007","article-title":"Immune and pancreatic \u03b2 Cell interactions in type 1 diabetes","volume":"27","author":"Boldison","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metabolism: TEM"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.19261","article-title":"Processing of proteins in autophagy vesicles of antigen-presenting cells generates citrullinated peptides recognized by the immune system","volume":"8","author":"Ireland","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501190102","article-title":"Autophagy promotes mhc class ii presentation of peptides from intracellular source proteins","volume":"102","author":"Dengjel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci United States America"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3109\/08916939209150315","article-title":"Quantitative and functional analyses of spleen and in situ islet immune cells before and after diabetes onset in the nod mouse","volume":"12","author":"Formby","year":"1992","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12405","article-title":"Immune cell-derived C3a and C5a costimulate human T cell alloimmunity","volume":"13","author":"Cravedi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.9.5760","article-title":"Recruitment and activation of macrophages by pathogenic cd4 T cells in type 1 diabetes: evidence for involvement of ccr8 and ccl1","volume":"179","author":"Cantor","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol (Baltimore Md 1950)"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.02001","article-title":"Cd4(+) T helper cells play a key role in maintaining diabetogenic cd8(+) T cell function in the pancreas","volume":"8","author":"Espinosa-Carrasco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2009.21","article-title":"The role of inflammation in insulitis and beta-cell loss in type 1 diabetes","volume":"5","author":"Eizirik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.690783","article-title":"Revisiting the antigen-presenting function of \u03b2 Cells in T1d pathogenesis","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3908061","article-title":"The role of il-17 and related cytokines in inflammatory autoimmune diseases","volume":"2017","author":"Kuwabara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mediat Inflamm"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141557","article-title":"Il-17 family cytokines and the expanding diversity of effector T cell lineages","volume":"25","author":"Weaver","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838475","article-title":"Th17 Cells Promote Pancreatic Inflammation but Only Induce Diabetes Efficiently in Lymphopenic Hosts after Conversion into Th1 Cells","volume":"39","author":"Martin-Orozco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20071878","article-title":"Innocuous ifngamma induced by adjuvant-free antigen restores normoglycemia in nod mice through inhibition of il-17 production","volume":"205","author":"Jain","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-1113","article-title":"Inhibition of th17 cells regulates autoimmune diabetes in nod mice","volume":"58","author":"Emamaullee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-013-2935-8","article-title":"Double deficiency in il-17 and ifn-\u0393 Signalling significantly suppresses the development of diabetes in the nod mouse","volume":"56","author":"Kuriya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200535325","article-title":"Il-23 leads to diabetes induction after subdiabetogenic treatment with multiple low doses of streptozotocin","volume":"36","author":"Mensah-Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000788","article-title":"Il-17 immunity in human type 1 diabetes","volume":"185","author":"Honkanen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol (Baltimore Md 1950)"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001860","article-title":"Cutting edge: increased il-17-secreting T cells in children with new-onset type 1 diabetes","volume":"185","author":"Marwaha","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol (Baltimore Md 1950)"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-1643","article-title":"Peripheral and islet interleukin-17 pathway activation characterizes human autoimmune diabetes and promotes cytokine-mediated \u03b2-cell death","volume":"60","author":"Arif","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900576","article-title":"Monocytes from patients with type 1 diabetes spontaneously secrete proinflammatory cytokines inducing th17 cells","volume":"183","author":"Bradshaw","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol (Baltimore Md 1950)"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.03.016","article-title":"Central role of defective interleukin-2 production in the triggering of islet autoimmune destruction","volume":"28","author":"Tang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxt020","article-title":"Low frequency of gitr+ T cells in ex vivo and in vitro expanded treg cells from type 1 diabetic patients","volume":"25","author":"Xufr\u00e9","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni904","article-title":"Foxp3 programs the development and function of cd4+Cd25+ Regulatory T cells","volume":"4","author":"Fontenot","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"db230307","DOI":"10.2337\/db23-0307","article-title":"Treg-specific cd226 deletion reduces diabetes incidence in nod mice by improving regulatory T cell stability","volume":"25","author":"Thirawatananond","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.958430","article-title":"Immunological balance between treg and th17 lymphocytes as a key element of type 1 diabetes progression in children","volume":"13","author":"Starosz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db20-0896","article-title":"Impaired activated\/memory regulatory T cell clonal expansion instigates diabetes in nod mice","volume":"70","author":"Mhanna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-1248","article-title":"No alterations in the frequency of foxp3+ Regulatory T-cells in type 1 diabetes","volume":"56","author":"Brusko","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.5.1407","article-title":"Functional defects and the influence of age on the frequency of cd4+ Cd25+ T-cells in type 1 diabetes","volume":"54","author":"Brusko","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.1.92","article-title":"Defective suppressor function in cd4(+)Cd25(+) T-cells from patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"54","author":"Lindley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12116","article-title":"Cd4+ Cd45ra- Foxp3high activated regulatory T cells are functionally impaired and related to residual insulin-secreting capacity in patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"173","author":"Haseda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15697.1","article-title":"Interleukin-2 therapy of autoimmunity in diabetes (Itad): A phase 2, multicentre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"Marcovecchio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-4040.90879","article-title":"The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor: A family of nuclear receptors role in various diseases","volume":"2","author":"Tyagi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Advanced Pharm Technol Res"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2010.13","article-title":"Ppars: diverse regulators in energy metabolism and metabolic diseases","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2007\/95974","article-title":"Ppars, obesity, and inflammation","volume":"2007","author":"Stienstra","year":"2007","journal-title":"PPAR Res"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35013000","article-title":"Roles of ppars in health and disease","volume":"405","author":"Kersten","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04258.x","article-title":"Ppars: transcription factors controlling lipid and lipoprotein metabolism","volume":"967","author":"Bocher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann New York Acad Sci"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0251242","article-title":"Peroxisomal proliferate-activated receptors and the regulation of lipid oxidation and adipogenesis","volume":"25","author":"Smith","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.09.004","article-title":"Ppar agonists: multimodal drugs for the treatment of type-2 diabetes","volume":"21","author":"Gross","year":"2007","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19041197","article-title":"Ppar agonists and metabolic syndrome: an established role","volume":"19","author":"Botta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fca.10.86","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease","volume":"6","author":"Azhar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Future Cardiol"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-003-3216-3","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha target genes","volume":"61","author":"Mandard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci CMLS"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1074911","article-title":"Ppar\u03b1: an emerging target of metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases","volume":"13","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.091010","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u0394 Regulates inflammation via nf-\u03bab signaling in polymicrobial sepsis","volume":"177","author":"Zingarelli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2004.09.024","article-title":"Roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (Ppardelta) in the control of fatty acid catabolism. A new target for the treatment of metabolic syndrome","volume":"86","author":"Luquet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.30.18779","article-title":"The organization, promoter analysis, and expression of the human ppargamma gene","volume":"272","author":"Fajas","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.66.5.733","article-title":"The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (Ppar\u03b3) as a regulator of monocyte\/macrophage function","volume":"66","author":"Ricote","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Leukocyte Biol"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05894","article-title":"Macrophage-specific ppargamma controls alternative activation and improves insulin resistance","volume":"447","author":"Odegaard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm990554g","article-title":"The ppars: from orphan receptors to drug discovery","volume":"43","author":"Willson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Medicinal Chem"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-0667","article-title":"Pancreatic islet adaptation to fasting is dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha transcriptional up-regulation of fatty acid oxidation","volume":"146","author":"Gremlich","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2014.08.010","article-title":"Diabetic dyslipidemia","volume":"63","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metabolism: Clin Exp"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M006001200","article-title":"Glucose down-regulates the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha gene in the pancreatic beta -cell","volume":"275","author":"Roduit","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.1.01965","article-title":"Glucose-induced repression of pparalpha gene expression in pancreatic beta-cells involves pp2a activation and ampk inactivation","volume":"36","author":"Ravnskjaer","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2005.03.020","article-title":"Pancreatic islet response to hyperglycemia is dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (Pparalpha)","volume":"579","author":"Bihan","year":"2005","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2007.06.008","article-title":"Mirmira RG. A feat of metabolic proportions: pdx1 orchestrates islet development and function in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis","volume":"92","author":"Babu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Genet Metab"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2010.78","article-title":"Ampk enhances the expression of pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 via pparalpha, but not ppargamma, in rat insulinoma cell line ins-1","volume":"31","author":"Guo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-1275","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha regulates the expression of pancreatic\/duodenal homeobox-1 in rat insulinoma (Ins-1) cells and ameliorates glucose-induced insulin secretion impaired by palmitate","volume":"149","author":"Sun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-017-0694-z","article-title":"Pdx1, neurogenin-3, and mafa: critical transcription regulators for beta cell development and regeneration","volume":"8","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2013.08.010","article-title":"Nkx6.1 is essential for maintaining the functional state of pancreatic beta cells","volume":"4","author":"Taylor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-008-9968-1","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha modulates insulin gene transcription factors and inflammation in adipose tissues in mice","volume":"323","author":"Yessoufou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-1430","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (Pparalpha) potentiates, whereas ppargamma attenuates, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells","volume":"146","author":"Ravnskjaer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.04.034","article-title":"Troglitazone acutely activates amp-activated protein kinase and inhibits insulin secretion from beta cells","volume":"81","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.08.238","article-title":"Ppar-gamma overexpression selectively suppresses insulin secretory capacity in isolated pancreatic islets through induction of ucp-2 protein","volume":"324","author":"Ito","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.0.0310061","article-title":"Insulin-sparing effects of troglitazone in rat pancreatic islets","volume":"31","author":"Bollheimer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-291x(03)01045-3","article-title":"Ppar-gamma overexpression suppresses glucose-induced proinsulin biosynthesis and insulin release synergistically with pioglitazone in min6 cells","volume":"306","author":"Nakamichi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.11.2598","article-title":"Rosiglitazone (Brl 49653) enhances insulin secretory response via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway","volume":"50","author":"Yang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.12.192","article-title":"Rosiglitazone stimulates the release and synthesis of insulin by enhancing glut-2, glucokinase and beta2\/neurod expression","volume":"367","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.suppl_3.s79","article-title":"Effect of ppar-gamma activation and inhibition on glucose-stimulated insulin release in ins-1e cells","author":"Santini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-023-02128-6","article-title":"Igf1 and pparg polymorphisms are associated with reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate in a cohort of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes","volume":"60","author":"Zusi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4614-2","article-title":"Abnormal islet sphingolipid metabolism in type 1 diabetes","volume":"61","author":"Holm","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-020-00694-3","article-title":"Association study of rs1801282 pparg gene polymorphism and immune cells and cytokine levels in a spanish pregnant women cohort and their offspring","volume":"27","author":"Garc\u00eda-Ricobaraza","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-0948","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma regulates expression of pdx-1 and nkx6.1 in ins-1 cells","volume":"56","author":"Moibi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mcb.01179-08","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activation restores islet function in diabetic mice through reduction of endoplasmic reticulum stress and maintenance of euchromatin structure","volume":"29","author":"Evans-Molina","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M801813200","article-title":"In vivo and in vitro studies of a functional peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma response element in the mouse pdx-1 promoter","volume":"283","author":"Gupta","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.49.9.1517","article-title":"Identification and functional characterization of the peroxisomal proliferator response element in rat glut2 promoter","volume":"49","author":"Kim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.3.676","article-title":"Peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma upregulates glucokinase gene expression in beta-cells","volume":"51","author":"Kim","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23061483","article-title":"Fatty acid-stimulated insulin secretion vs. Lipotoxicity","volume":"23","author":"Je\u017eek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules (Basel Switzerland)"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci42127","article-title":"Ppar\u03b2\/\u0394 Affects pancreatic \u03b2 Cell mass and insulin secretion in mice","volume":"122","author":"Iglesias","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2015.88","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor\u03b2\/\u0394 Activation is essential for modulating P-foxo1\/foxo1 status in functional insulin-positive cell differentiation","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002552","article-title":"The human pancreatic islet transcriptome: expression of candidate genes for type 1 diabetes and the impact of pro-inflammatory cytokines","volume":"8","author":"Eizirik","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS Genet"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M001123","article-title":"Ppardelta is a fatty acid sensor that enhances mitochondrial oxidation in insulin-secreting cells and protects against fatty acid-induced dysfunction","volume":"51","author":"Ravnskjaer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.49.12.2012","article-title":"Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and beta-cell function: enhanced glucose-induced insulin secretion and altered gene expression in rodent pancreatic beta-cells","volume":"49","author":"Dillon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399820666230831153249","article-title":"Review on monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) as a therapeutic approach for type 1 diabetes","volume":"20","author":"Agarwal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Diabetes Rev"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1206874","article-title":"Monitoring immunomodulation strategies in type 1 diabetes","volume":"14","author":"Krishnamurthy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2016.09.001","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha deficiency impairs regulatory T cell functions: possible application in the inhibition of melanoma tumor growth in mice","volume":"131","author":"Hichami","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/384039a0","article-title":"The pparalpha-leukotriene B4 pathway to inflammation control","volume":"384","author":"Devchand","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/529035","article-title":"Fenofibrate enhances the in vitro differentiation of foxp3(+) regulatory T cells in mice","volume":"2012","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"PPAR Res"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2016.58817","article-title":"Fenofibrate treatment of rats with experimental autoimmune myocarditis by alleviating treg\/th17 disorder","volume":"41","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Central-European J Immunol"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-05104-6","article-title":"Ppar\u03b1 Knockout in mice increases the th17 development by facilitating the ikk\u03b1\/ror\u03b3t and ikk\u03b1\/foxp3 complexes","volume":"6","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061839","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (Ppar)Alpha expression in T cells mediates gender differences in development of T cell-mediated autoimmunity","volume":"204","author":"Dunn","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2009.08.008","article-title":"Pparalpha ligands cause lymphocyte depletion and cell cycle block and this is associated with augmented trb3 and reduced cyclin B1 expression","volume":"46","author":"Morse","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B173","article-title":"Effects of fenofibrate on plasma cytokine concentrations in patients with atherosclerosis and hyperlipoproteinemia iib","volume":"36","author":"Madej","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.5.2940","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma is required for regulatory cd4+ T cell-mediated protection against colitis","volume":"178","author":"Hontecillas","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol (Baltimore Md 1950)"},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20082771","article-title":"The nuclear receptor ppar gamma selectively inhibits th17 differentiation in a T cell-intrinsic fashion and suppresses cns autoimmunity","volume":"206","author":"Klotz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200209000-00004","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist ligands stimulate a th2 cytokine response and prevent acute colitis","volume":"8","author":"Saubermann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"B177","article-title":"Comparison of anti-inflammatory properties of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists rosiglitazone and troglitazone in prophylactic treatment of experimental colitis","volume":"64","author":"Celinski","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230x-10-60","article-title":"The role of T cell ppar gamma in mice with experimental inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"10","author":"Guri","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11132","article-title":"Ppar-\u0393 Is a major driver of the accumulation and phenotype of adipose tissue treg cells","volume":"486","author":"Cipolletta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.7.4129","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Ppargamma) and immunoregulation: enhancement of regulatory T cells through ppargamma-dependent and -independent mechanisms","volume":"178","author":"Wohlfert","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol (Baltimore Md 1950)"},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.17680","article-title":"Regulatory T cells differentiation in visceral adipose tissues contributes to insulin resistance by regulating jazf-1\/ppar-\u0393 Pathway","volume":"27","author":"Meng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099127","article-title":"Ppar\u03b3 Negatively regulates T cell activation to prevent follicular helper T cells and germinal center formation","volume":"9","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091663","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta limits the expansion of pathogenic th cells during central nervous system autoimmunity","volume":"207","author":"Dunn","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2010.03261.x","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta agonists inhibit T helper type 1 (Th1) and th17 responses in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis","volume":"130","author":"Kanakasabai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.12.059","article-title":"Ppar\u03b4 deficient mice develop elevated th1\/th17 responses and prolonged experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"1376","author":"Kanakasabai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep34317","article-title":"A role for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta in T cell development","volume":"6","author":"Mothe-Satney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19061575","article-title":"Regulation of immune cell function by ppars and the connection with metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"19","author":"Le Menn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1074-7613(02)00323-0","article-title":"The cd28 signaling pathway regulates glucose metabolism","volume":"16","author":"Frauwirth","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1177\/2393861719883063","article-title":"Globalisation of South Asian medicines: knowledge, power, structure and sustainability","author":"Sujatha","year":"2020","journal-title":"SAGE Publications SAGE India: New Delhi India"},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5483","DOI":"10.3390\/su11195483","article-title":"Asian medicinal plants\u2019 Production and utilization potentials: A review","volume":"11","author":"Astutik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-020-00633-x","article-title":"Medicinal plants in the adjunctive treatment of patients with type-1 diabetes: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials","volume":"19","author":"Barzkar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Diabetes Metab Disord"},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867311320070006","article-title":"Natural cures for type 1 diabetes: A review of phytochemicals, biological actions, and clinical potential","volume":"20","author":"Chang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9085","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24109085","article-title":"The management of diabetes mellitus using medicinal plants and vitamins","volume":"24","author":"Yedjou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357023033","article-title":"Astilbin prevents concanavalin a-induced liver injury by reducing tnf-alpha production and T lymphocytes adhesion","volume":"56","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.848957","article-title":"Astilbin activates the reactive oxidative species\/ppar\u03b3 Pathway to suppress effector cd4(+) T cell activities via direct binding with cytochrome P450 1b1","volume":"13","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114510004824","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate delays the onset of type 1 diabetes in spontaneous non-obese diabetic mice","volume":"105","author":"Fu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2157372","article-title":"Effects of green tea polyphenol extract and epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate on diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications: recent advances","volume":"19","author":"Wan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2023.105506","article-title":"Potential protective function of green tea polyphenol egcg against high glucose-induced cardiac injury and aging","volume":"104","author":"Wan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjp.2008.311","article-title":"Novel role of curcumin in the prevention of cytokine-induced islet death in vitro and diabetogenesis in vivo","volume":"155","author":"Kanitkar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"B200","article-title":"Effect of curcumin in the amelioration of pancreatic islets in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice","author":"Chanpoo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet"},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1375892","article-title":"Therapeutic applications of curcumin in diabetes: A review and perspective","volume":"2022","author":"Quispe","year":"2022","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12322","article-title":"Curcumin ameliorates autoimmune diabetes. Evidence in accelerated murine models of type 1 diabetes","volume":"177","author":"Castro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-9-176","article-title":"Long-term fenofibrate treatment impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and up-regulated pancreatic nf-kappa B and inos expression in monosodium glutamate-induced obese rats: is that a latent disadvantage","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Trans Med"},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00149.2002","article-title":"Combination therapy with ppargamma and pparalpha agonists increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in db\/db mice","volume":"284","author":"Yajima","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17305\/bb.2022.8534","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory role of fenofibrate in treating diseases","volume":"23","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomolecules Biomedicine"},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6865190","article-title":"Insulin independence in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes patient following fenofibrate treatment","volume":"2020","author":"Buschard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Case Rep Med"},{"key":"B207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm101360s","article-title":"Targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (Ppars): development of modulators","volume":"55","author":"Pirat","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Medicinal Chem"},{"key":"B208","article-title":"Rna-seq identifies a role for the ppar\u03b2\/\u0394 Inverse agonist gsk0660 in the regulation of tnf\u03b1-induced cytokine signaling in retinal endothelial cells","volume":"21","author":"Savage","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Vision"},{"key":"B209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2019.107885","article-title":"The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b2\/\u0394 Antagonist gsk0660 mitigates retinal cell inflammation and leukostasis","volume":"190","author":"Capozzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp eye Res"},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9577","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21249577","article-title":"Comparison of ppar ligands as modulators of resolution of inflammation, via their influence on cytokines and oxylipins release in astrocytes","volume":"21","author":"Chistyakov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1292238\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T21:16:53Z","timestamp":1698095813000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1292238\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"references-count":210,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1292238"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1292238","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"article-number":"1292238"}}