{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T11:44:32Z","timestamp":1769946272496,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Context<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ma Xing Shi Gan Decoction (MXSGD) is a traditional remedy for treating lung injuries that was developed by the Typhoid and Fever School of Pharmaceutical Biology. It has antitussive and expectorant effects, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, regulates the body\u2019s immunity, etc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study is to investigate whether MXSGD can ameliorate cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced hypoimmunity lung injury by regulating microflora metabolism. Methods: Establishment of a model for CsA-induced hypoimmunity lung injury. Using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and LC-MS, the effects of MXSGD on gut flora and lung tissue microecology of mice with CsA-induced hypoimmunity were investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>MXSGD was able to preserve lung tissue morphology and structure, reduce serum inflammatory marker expression and protect against CsA-induced lung tissue damage. Compared to the model, MXSGD increased beneficial gut bacteria: <jats:italic>Eubacterium ventriosum group<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Eubacterium nodatum group<\/jats:italic>; decreased intestinal pathogens: <jats:italic>Rikenellaceae RC9 intestinal group<\/jats:italic>; reduced the abundance of <jats:italic>Chryseobacterium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>, promoted the production of <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>, and then promoted the lung flora to produce short-chain fatty acids. MXSGD was able to enhance the expression of serum metabolites such as Americine, 2-hydroxyhexadecanoylcarnitine, Emetine, All-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate, Biliverdin-IX-alpha, Hordatin A and N-demethyl mifepristone in the CsA-induced hypoimmunity lung injury model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>MXSGD can restore gut and lung microbiota diversity and serum metabolite changes to inhibit inflammation, ameliorate CsA-induced hypoimmunity lung injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1298416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T05:58:14Z","timestamp":1704693494000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["MXSGD alleviates CsA-induced hypoimmunity lung injury by regulating microflora 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