{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T06:19:06Z","timestamp":1784960346243,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The utilization of large-scale claims databases has greatly improved the management, accessibility, and integration of extensive medical data. However, its potential for systematically identifying comorbidities in the context of skin diseases remains unexplored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to assess the capability of a comprehensive claims database in identifying comorbidities linked to 14 specific skin and skin-related conditions and examining temporal changes in their association patterns. This study employed a retrospective case-control cohort design utilizing 13 million skin\/skin-related patients and 2 million randomly sampled controls from Optum\u2019s de-identified Clinformatics<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> Data Mart Database spanning the period from 2001 to 2018.\u00a0A broad spectrum of comorbidities encompassing cancer, diabetes, respiratory, mental, immunity, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular conditions were examined for each of the 14 skin and skin-related disorders in the study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using the established type-2 diabetes (T2D) and psoriasis comorbidity as example, we demonstrated the association is significant (P-values&amp;lt;1x10<jats:sup>-15<\/jats:sup>) and stable across years (OR=1.15-1.31). Analysis of the 2014-2018 data reveals that celiac disease, Crohn\u2019s disease, and ulcerative colitis exhibit the strongest associations with the 14 skin\/skin-related conditions. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), leprosy, and hidradenitis suppurativa show the strongest associations with 30 different comorbidities. Particularly notable associations include Crohn\u2019s disease with leprosy (odds ratio [OR]=6.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.09-14.08), primary biliary cirrhosis with SLE (OR=6.07, 95% CI: 4.93-7.46), and celiac disease with SLE (OR=6.06, 95% CI: 5.49-6.69). In addition, changes in associations were observed over time. For instance, the association between atopic dermatitis and lung cancer demonstrates a marked decrease over the past decade, with the odds ratio decreasing from 1.75 (95% CI: 1.47-2.07) to 1.02 (95% CI: 0.97-1.07). The identification of skin-associated comorbidities contributes to individualized healthcare and improved clinical management, while also enhancing our understanding of shared pathophysiology. Moreover, tracking these associations over time aids in evaluating the progression of clinical diagnosis and treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings highlight the potential of utilizing comprehensive claims databases in advancing research and improving patient care in dermatology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1309549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T04:28:56Z","timestamp":1704688136000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Large-scale epidemiological analysis of common skin diseases to identify shared and unique comorbidities and demographic factors"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Qinmengge","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew T.","family":"Patrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sutharzan","family":"Sreeskandarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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