{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T03:46:58Z","timestamp":1790221618090,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Eosinophil-related diseases represent a group of pathologic conditions with highly heterogeneous clinical presentation and symptoms ranging from mild to critical. Both systemic and localized forms of disease are typically treated with glucocorticoids. The approval of novel biologic therapies targeting the interleukin-5 pathway can help reduce the use of systemic glucocorticoids (SGC) in eosinophilic diseases and reduce the risk of SGC-related adverse effects (AEs). In this article, a panel of experts from different medical specialties reviewed current evidence on the use of SGC in two systemic eosinophilic diseases: Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with PolyAngiitis (EGPA) and HyperEosinophilic Syndrome (HES); and in two single-organ (respiratory) eosinophilic diseases: Chronic RhinoSinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP) and Severe Asthma with Eosinophil Phenotype (SA-EP), and contrasted it with their experience in clinical practice. Using nominal group technique, they reached consensus on key aspects related to the dose and tapering of SGC as well as on the initiation of biologics as SGC-sparing agents. Early treatment with biologics could help prevent AEs associated with medium and long-term use of SGC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1310211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T04:31:06Z","timestamp":1704429066000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Expert consensus on the use of systemic glucocorticoids for managing eosinophil-related diseases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Victoria","family":"del Pozo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Bobolea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel J.","family":"Rial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgina","family":"Espigol-Frigol\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roser","family":"Solans Laqu\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas Mar\u00eda","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Rivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elvira","family":"Mora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Crespo-Lessmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Izquierdo Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Sandra","family":"Dom\u00ednguez Sosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Maza-Solano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bel\u00e9n","family":"Atienza-Mateo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Ba\u00f1as-Conejero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abraham L.","family":"Moure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00cd\u00f1igo","family":"R\u00faa-Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2021.04.025","article-title":"Eosinophils in health and disease: A state-of-the-art review","volume":"96","author":"Wechsler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2016.07.010","article-title":"Eosinophilia","volume":"43","author":"Kovalszki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prim Care"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-021-00863-y","article-title":"Eosinophils and eosinophil-associated disorders: immunological, clinical, and molecular complexity","volume":"43","author":"Valent","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2019.08.005","article-title":"Approach to patients with eosinophilia","volume":"104","author":"Kuang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2015.04.022","article-title":"Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss) (EGPA) Consensus Task Force recommendations for evaluation and management","volume":"26","author":"Groh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209133","article-title":"EULAR\/ERA-EDTA recommendations for the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"75","author":"Yates","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41773","article-title":"American college of rheumatology\/Vasculitis foundation guideline for the management of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-Associated vasculitis","volume":"73","author":"Chung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26352","article-title":"World Health Organization-defined eosinophilic disorders: 2022 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management","volume":"97","author":"Shomali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin20.600","article-title":"European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2020","volume":"58","author":"Fokkens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2007.02889.x","article-title":"BSACI guidelines for the management of rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis","volume":"38","author":"Scadding","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01440-2022","article-title":"Improving systemic corticosteroid stewardship in asthma","volume":"60","author":"Busse","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-020-01621-3","article-title":"French recommendations for the management of systemic necrotizing vasculitides (polyarteritis nodosa and ANCA-associated vasculitides)","volume":"15","author":"Terrier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2017.31.4396","article-title":"Oral corticosteroid prescribing habits for rhinosinusitis: The American Rhinologic Society membership","volume":"31","author":"Scott","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12060897","article-title":"Survey on use of local and systemic corticosteroids in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: identification of unmet clinical needs","volume":"12","author":"De Corso","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.20452\/pamw.1021","article-title":"Diagnostic and therapeutic management in patients with hypereosinophilic syndromes","volume":"121","author":"Helbig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pol Arch Med Wewn"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reumae.2021.04.003","article-title":"Recommendations for prevention of infection in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases","volume":"18","author":"Rua-Figueroa Fernandez de Larrinoa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2016_98","article-title":"Glucocorticoids","volume":"237","author":"Adcock","year":"2017","journal-title":"Handb Exp Pharmacol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2016.22.7.833","article-title":"Dose-response relationship between long-term systemic corticosteroid use and related complications in patients with severe asthma","volume":"22","author":"Dalal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Manag Care Spec Pharm"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2017.09.011","article-title":"Long-term systemic corticosteroid exposure: A systematic literature review","volume":"39","author":"Rice","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0085-2019","article-title":"How can we minimise the use of regular oral corticosteroids in asthma","volume":"29","author":"Bourdin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.02.003","article-title":"Omalizumab as alternative to chronic use of oral corticosteroids in severe asthma","volume":"150","author":"Katsaounou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.06.049","article-title":"Mepolizumab as a corticosteroid-sparing agent in lymphocytic variant hypereosinophilic syndrome","volume":"126","author":"Roufosse","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145561319876906","article-title":"Oral corticosteroid regimens in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"101","author":"Mansi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/6spy2c","article-title":"Assessment of glucocorticoid tapering in large vessel and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides","author":"Mendel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1702079","article-title":"Mepolizumab or placebo for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis","volume":"376","author":"Wechsler","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.06.027","article-title":"Mepolizumab in hypereosinophilic syndromes: proposed therapeutic algorithm","volume":"10","author":"Valent","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"B27","volume-title":"FDA approves Nucala as the first and only biologic treatment for Hypereosinophilic Syndrome (HES)","year":"2020"},{"key":"B28","volume-title":"European Commission approves Nucala (mepolizumab) in three additional eosinophil-driven diseases","year":"2021"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201810-1944CI","article-title":"Role of Biologics in Asthma","volume":"199","author":"McGregor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S290424","article-title":"Burden of Disease in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps","volume":"14","author":"Bachert","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Asthma Allergy"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12050846","article-title":"Personalized Management of Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps in Clinical Practice: A Multidisciplinary Consensus Statement","volume":"12","author":"De Corso","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41533-023-00330-1","article-title":"Key recommendations for primary care from the 2022 Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) update","volume-title":"NPJ Prim Care Respir Med","author":"Levy","year":"2023"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202007-2721OC","article-title":"Expert consensus on the tapering of oral corticosteroids for the treatment of asthma. A delphi study","volume":"203","author":"Suehs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S176026","article-title":"Adverse outcomes from initiation of systemic corticosteroids for asthma: long-term observational study","volume":"11","author":"Price","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Asthma Allergy"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-207630","article-title":"Comorbidity in severe asthma requiring systemic corticosteroid therapy: cross-sectional data from the Optimum Patient Care Research Database and the British Thoracic Difficult Asthma Registry","volume":"71","author":"Sweeney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0151-2019","article-title":"Short-course systemic corticosteroids in asthma: striking the balance between efficacy and safety","volume":"29","author":"Price","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000541","article-title":"Oral corticosteroid-dependent asthma: current knowledge and future needs","volume":"25","author":"Pavord","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2016.12.023","article-title":"Burden of chronic oral corticosteroid use by adults with persistent asthma","volume":"5","author":"Zeiger","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201904-0903SO","article-title":"Systematic literature review of systemic corticosteroid use for asthma management","volume":"201","author":"Bleecker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223764","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis: 2022 update","author":"Hellmich","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000870","article-title":"The safety of glucocorticoids in the treatment of inflammatory rheumatic disease: new evidence","volume":"34","author":"Luis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2018.05.007","article-title":"Comparisons of guidelines and recommendations on managing antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis","volume":"3","author":"Geetha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1803537","article-title":"Plasma exchange and glucocorticoids in severe ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"382","author":"Walsh","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD002316","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002316.pub2","article-title":"Inhaled steroids for acute asthma following emergency department discharge","volume":"12","author":"Edmonds","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18176\/jiaci.0910","article-title":"Spanish consensus on the management of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (POLIposis NAsal \/ POLINA 2.0)","volume":"33","author":"Alobid","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin22.489","article-title":"EPOS\/EUFOREA update on indication and evaluation of Biologics in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps 2023","volume":"61","author":"Fokkens","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-012-0329-5","article-title":"Oral steroid therapy in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyposis","volume":"13","author":"Howard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22741","article-title":"International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: rhinosinusitis 2021","volume":"11","author":"Orlandi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin20.376","article-title":"EUFOREA treatment algorithm for allergic rhinitis","volume":"58","author":"Hellings","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13556","article-title":"Healthcare resource utilization and costs associated with incremental systemic corticosteroid exposure in asthma","volume":"74","author":"Voorham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31324-1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of benralizumab for patients with severe asthma uncontrolled with high-dosage inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta2-agonists (SIROCCO): a randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"388","author":"Bleecker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00042-9","article-title":"Reslizumab for inadequately controlled asthma with elevated blood eosinophil counts: results from two multicentre, parallel, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials","volume":"3","author":"Castro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0805435","article-title":"Mepolizumab for prednisone-dependent asthma with sputum eosinophilia","volume":"360","author":"Nair","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-023-00958-w","article-title":"Evidence-Based Guideline for the diagnosis and management of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis","volume":"19","author":"Emmi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41943","article-title":"Mepolizumab for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: A European multicenter observational study","volume":"74","author":"Bettiol","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.754434","article-title":"Novel targets for drug use in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis","volume":"8","author":"Uzzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.02.006","article-title":"An international, retrospective study of off-label biologic use in the treatment of hypereosinophilic syndromes","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.08.037","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of mepolizumab in hypereosinophilic syndrome: A phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"146","author":"Roufosse","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.08.027","article-title":"Rebound eosinophilia after treatment of hypereosinophilic syndrome and eosinophilic gastroenteritis with monoclonal anti-IL-5 antibody SCH55700","volume":"114","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B60","article-title":"LiverTox: clinical and research information on drug-induced liver injury","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bethesda (MD)"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2018.1.326","article-title":"Hypereosinophilic syndrome: approach to treatment in the era of precision medicine","volume":"2018","author":"Klion","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hematol Am Soc Hematol Educ Program"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01613-1","article-title":"The 5th edition of the World Health Organization classification of haematolymphoid tumours: myeloid and histiocytic\/dendritic neoplasms","volume":"36","author":"Khoury","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.05.044","article-title":"Reduced need for surgery in severe nasal polyposis with mepolizumab: Randomized trial","volume":"140","author":"Bachert","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26391","article-title":"Prevalence of polyp recurrence after endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis","volume":"127","author":"DeConde","year":"2017","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12932\/AP-310321-1102","article-title":"Eosinophilia, asthma, NERD and the use of oral corticosteroids predict uncontrolled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps after surgery","author":"Penttila","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-022-07762-4","article-title":"Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps management in the biologic therapy era: an international YO-IFOS survey","volume":"280","author":"Maza-Solano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin21.017","article-title":"Does time from previous surgery predict subsequent treatment failure in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps","volume":"59","author":"Hopkins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145561320964653","article-title":"The role of biologics in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","volume":"100","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01455613211034722","article-title":"Impact of biologic therapies on surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis","volume":"100","author":"Chandra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.11.013","article-title":"EUFOREA expert board meeting on uncontrolled severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and biologics: Definitions and management","volume":"147","author":"Bachert","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2021.05.010","article-title":"Spanish asthma management guidelines (GEMA) VERSION 5.1. Highlights and controversies","volume":"58","author":"Plaza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00703-2018","article-title":"Consequences of long-term oral corticosteroid therapy and its side-effects in severe asthma in adults: a focused review of the impact data in the literature","volume":"52","author":"Volmer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.05.042","article-title":"REALITI-A study: real-world oral corticosteroid-sparing effect of mepolizumab in severe asthma","volume":"10","author":"Pilette","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17534666221107313","DOI":"10.1177\/17534666221107313","article-title":"Oral corticosteroid-sparing effects of mepolizumab in severe eosinophilic asthma: evidence from randomized controlled trials and real-world studies","volume":"16","author":"Casale","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ther Adv Respir Dis"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-022-02295-2","article-title":"Geographical differences in the use of oral corticosteroids in patients with severe asthma in Spain: heat map based on existing databases analyses","volume":"23","author":"Almonacid","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.18176\/jiaci.0765","article-title":"Systemic corticosteroids in patients with bronchial asthma: A real-life study","volume":"33","author":"Izquierdo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2022.04.004","article-title":"Are we poised to change the trajectory of maintenance oral corticosteroid use in severe asthma in the age of biologics","volume":"162","author":"Lugogo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.14147","article-title":"Oral corticosteroids stewardship for asthma in adults and adolescents: A position paper from the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand","volume":"26","author":"Blakey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13730","article-title":"Rational oral corticosteroid use in adult severe asthma: A narrative review","volume":"25","author":"Chung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.05.031","article-title":"The contribution of oral and inhaled glucocorticoids to adrenal insufficiency in asthma","volume":"10","author":"Brennan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1710-1492-9-30","article-title":"A practical guide to the monitoring and management of the complications of systemic corticosteroid therapy","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reuma.2018.09.004","article-title":"Recommendations by the spanish society of rheumatology on osteoporosis","volume":"15","author":"Naranjo Hernandez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2015.08.005","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis","volume":"42","author":"Whittier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33696\/immunology.3.074","article-title":"The role of quantification of glucocorticoid-associated toxicity in severe asthma","volume":"3","author":"McDowell","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cell Immunol"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0000502021","article-title":"Glucocorticoid therapy in ANCA vasculitis: using the glucocorticoid toxicity index as an outcome measure","volume":"2","author":"Floyd","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney360"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1310211\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T04:31:16Z","timestamp":1704429076000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1310211\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]]},"references-count":85,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1310211"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1310211","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]]},"article-number":"1310211"}}