{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:06:29Z","timestamp":1792069589355,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common genetic disease found in Africa and throughout the world. It is responsible for a high rate of hemolysis, systemic inflammation, and modulation of the immune system with the involvement of immunological molecules, such as cytokines. IL-1\u03b2 is a major inflammatory cytokine. IL-18  and IL-33, members of IL-1 family, also exhibit characteristics of inflammation-related cytokines. Thus, in order to contribute to the evaluation of the severity and prognosis of SCD in Africa, this study aimed to estimate the cytokine response, in particular the levels of cytokines of the IL-1 family, in sickle cell patients living in a Sub-Saharan country.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety patients with a diagnosis of SCD were recruited with different hemoglobin types. Samples were assessed for cytokine levels using the Human Inflammation Panel assay from BioLegend. The assay allows the simultaneous quantification of 13 human inflammatory cytokines\/chemokines, i.e., IL-1\u03b2, IFN-\u03b12, IFN-\u03b3, TNF\u03b1, MCP-1 (CCL2), IL-6, IL-8 (CXCL8), IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-23, and IL-33.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>the assessment of plasma cytokines in SCD patients revealed significantly increased levels of IL-1 family cytokines in crisis compared to steady state, suggesting a substantial involvement of these cytokines in clinical exacerbation. This suggests the possibility of a causal effect in the SCD pathology and can open the way to define better care, pointing toward new therapeutic avenues for sickle disease in Sub-Saharan Africa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.954054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T01:37:00Z","timestamp":1678325820000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Are IL-1 family cytokines important in management of sickle cell disease in Sub-Saharan Africa patients?"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Liliane K.","family":"Siransy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romuald S.","family":"Dasse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honor\u00e9","family":"Adou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Kouacou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidonie","family":"Kouamenan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yassongui","family":"Sekongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Yeboah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlene","family":"Memel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aniella","family":"Assi-Sahoin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salimata Y.","family":"Moussa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doris","family":"Oura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jocelyne","family":"Seri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"Sickle-cell disease: a strategy for the WHO African regionReport no.: AFR\/RC60\/8. disponible sur2011"},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"Thalass\u00e9mie et autres h\u00e9moglobinopathies : rapport du secr\u00e9tariatOrganisation mondiale de la Sant\u00e9Report no.: EB118\/5. disponible sur2006"},{"key":"B3","unstructured":"What is sickle cell diseaseCDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention2022"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-022-01237-z","article-title":"Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of sickle cell disease","volume":"15","author":"Brandow","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hematol OncolJ Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B5","unstructured":"CHAPTER 46 - anemia and red blood cell disorders\n            HurleyR\n          EdinburghW.B. 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