{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T20:58:48Z","timestamp":1793393928133,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a key role in thrombus formation in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the existing detection and observation methods for NETs are limited in their ability to provide quantitative, convenient, and accurate descriptions of <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> NETs. Therefore, establishing a quantitative description of the relationship between NETs and thrombosis remains a challenge.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We employed morphological observations of blood cells and statistical analyses to investigate the correlation between the NETs\/neutrophilic segmented granulocyte ratio and mortality risk in patients with COVID-19.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Peripheral blood samples were collected from 117 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 between November 2022 and February 2023, and various blood cell parameters were measured. Two types of smudge cells were observed in the blood and counted: lymphatic and neutral smudge cells. Statistical data analysis was used to establish COVID-19 mortality risk assessment indicators.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Morphological observations of neutrophilic smudge cells revealed swelling, eruption, and NETs formation in the neutrophil nuclei. Subsequently, the NETs\/neutrophilic segmented granulocyte ratio (NNSR) was calculated. A high concentration of NETs poses a fatal risk for thrombus formation in patients. Statistical analysis indicated that a high NNSR was more suitable for evaluating the risk of death in patients with COVID-19 compared to elevated fibrinogen (FIB) and D-dimer (DD) levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Observing blood cell morphology is an effective method for the detection of NETs, NNSR are important markers for revealing the mortality risk of patients with COVID-19.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1287132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T04:35:50Z","timestamp":1706502950000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["An early warning indicator of mortality risk in patients with COVID-19: the neutrophil extracellular traps\/neutrophilic segmented granulocyte ratio"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Qiong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kehao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guiping","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richmond Godwin","family":"Afful","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingyu","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003874","article-title":"Vaccine effectiveness against sars-cov-2 infection, hospitalization, and death when combining a first dose Chadox1 vaccine with a subsequent mrna vaccine in Denmark: A nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"18","author":"Gram","year":"2021","journal-title":"PloS Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0364-z","article-title":"Infection with novel coronavirus (Sars-cov-2) causes pneumonia in rhesus macaques","volume":"30","author":"Shan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7107","article-title":"Silibinin as potential tool against sars-cov-2: in silico spike receptor-binding domain and main protease molecular docking analysis, and in vitro endothelial protective effects","volume":"35","author":"Speciale","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytotherapy Res"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.138999","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps in covid-19","volume":"5","author":"Zuo","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.576994","article-title":"Prognostic value of pro-inflammatory neutrophils and C-reactive protein in cancer patient with coronavirus disease 2019: A multi-center, retrospective study","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27110","article-title":"Covid-19 pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients: A promising treatment algorithm in the absence of a disease-specific drug","volume":"93","author":"Karatas","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2021.279703","article-title":"Proline-rich tyrosine kinase pyk2 regulates deep vein thrombosis","volume":"107","author":"Momi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0331-4","article-title":"Pathological inflammation in patients with covid-19: A key role for monocytes and macrophages","volume":"20","author":"Merad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22042115","article-title":"Role of shear stress and tpa concentration in the fibrinolytic potential of thrombi","volume":"22","author":"Whyte","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101500","article-title":"Breaking the vicious loop between inflammation, oxidative stress and coagulation, a novel anti-thrombus insight of nattokinase by inhibiting lps-induced inflammation and oxidative stress","volume":"32","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.17320","article-title":"Even patients with mild covid-19 symptoms after sars-cov-2 infection show prolonged altered red blood cell morphology and rheological parameters","volume":"26","author":"Grau","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-213746","article-title":"Dysregulated neutrophil responses and neutrophil extracellular trap formation and degradation in papa syndrome","volume":"77","author":"Mistry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann rheumatic Dis"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.897019","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps induced by shiga toxin and lipopolysaccharide-treated platelets exacerbate endothelial cell damage","volume":"12","author":"Landoni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell infection Microbiol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-017-0368-9","article-title":"Single-molecule quantification of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine for diagnosis of blood and colon cancers","volume":"9","author":"NGG","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Epigenet"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21103625","article-title":"Ticagrelor exerts immune-modulatory effect by attenuating neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"21","author":"Mitsios","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147734","article-title":"Methylprednisolone induces extracellular trap formation and enhances bactericidal effect of canine neutrophils","volume":"22","author":"Steffensen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101136","article-title":"Glycogenolysis is crucial for astrocytic glycogen accumulation and brain damage after reperfusion in ischemic stroke","volume":"23","author":"Cai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Iscience"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c8an00867a","article-title":"Fluorescence based detection of polychlorinated biphenyls (Pcbs) in water using hydrophobic interactions","volume":"144","author":"Ahmad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20092090","article-title":"Targeting tumor markers with antisense peptides: an example of human prostate specific antigen","volume":"20","author":"\u0160tambuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.07.011","article-title":"Histo-cytometry: A method for highly multiplex quantitative tissue imaging analysis applied to dendritic cell subset microanatomy in lymph nodes","volume":"37","author":"Gerner Michael","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14746","article-title":"Elastase and exacerbation of neutrophil innate immunity are involved in multi-visceral manifestations of covid-19","volume":"76","author":"Gu\u00e9ant","year":"2021","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00787-15","article-title":"Dengue virus inhibition of autophagic flux and dependency of viral replication on proteasomal degradation of the autophagy receptor P62(Article)","volume":"89","author":"Metz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004338","article-title":"Plasmodium falciparum infection induces expression of a mosquito salivary protein (Agaphelin) that targets neutrophil function and inhibits thrombosis without impairing hemostasis","volume":"10","author":"Waisberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.13300","article-title":"Peripheral blood morphologic findings in patients with covid-19","volume":"42","author":"Sadigh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.12327","article-title":"Icsh recommendations for the standardization of nomenclature and grading of peripheral blood cell morphological features","volume":"37","author":"Palmer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.10059","article-title":"Albumin enhanced morphometric image analysis in cll","volume":"57","author":"Lunning","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cytometry Part B Clin cytometry"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/labmed\/lmaa119","article-title":"Smudge cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: pathophysiology, laboratory considerations, and clinical significance","volume":"52","author":"Marionneaux","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lab Med"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jha2.52","article-title":"High percentage of smudge cells in a patient with covid19: rediscovering their utility","volume":"1","author":"Jerez","year":"2020","journal-title":"EJHaem"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1043\/0003-9985(2003)127<105:Pgotro>2.0.Co;2","article-title":"Practice guidelines on the reporting of smudge cells in the white blood cell differential count","volume":"27","author":"Macdonald","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/OH.2012.29477","article-title":"The prognostic value of smudge cells (Gumprecht shadows) in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia","volume":"153","author":"Szerafin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Orv Hetil"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V106.11.707.707","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells identifies vimentin as a novel prognostic factor for aggressive disease","volume":"106","author":"GSN","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.23965","article-title":"The clinical value of high fluorescent lymphocytes and smudge cells in the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis","volume":"35","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.18489","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19): focus on peripheral blood cell morphology","volume":"200","author":"Zini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.932013","article-title":"Red blood cell morphologic abnormalities in patients hospitalized for covid-19","volume":"13","author":"Marchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2450\/2020.0242-20","article-title":"Red blood cell morphology in patients with covid-19-related anaemia","volume":"19","author":"Berzuini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2020-206933","article-title":"Platelet aggregates, a marker of severe covid-19 disease","volume":"74","author":"Rampotas","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1022401","article-title":"Platelets' Morphology, metabolic profile, exocytosis, and heterotypic aggregation with leukocytes in relation to severity and mortality of covid-19-patients","volume":"13","author":"Yasseen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.108516","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps (Nets) and covid-19: A new frontiers for therapeutic modality","volume":"104","author":"Al-Kuraishy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.652470","article-title":"Neutrophils in covid-19","volume":"12","author":"Reusch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.13416","article-title":"Morphologic changes in circulating blood cells of covid-19 patients","volume":"13","author":"Kaur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.01.008","article-title":"An evaluation of existing manual blood film schistocyte quantitation guidelines and a new proposed method","volume":"53","author":"Noutsos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2020.12.009","article-title":"Platelet and endothelial activation as potential mechanisms behind the thrombotic complications of covid-19 patients","volume":"6","author":"Canzano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Basic to Trans Sci"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020007252","article-title":"Platelet activation and platelet-monocyte aggregate formation trigger tissue factor expression in patients with severe covid-19","volume":"136","author":"Hottz","year":"2020","journal-title":"blood"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20200652","article-title":"Targeting potential drivers of covid-19: neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"217","author":"Barnes","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X20932640","article-title":"Covid-19-associated coagulopathy: an exploration of mechanisms","volume":"25","author":"Colling","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vasc Med"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.13175","article-title":"Neutrophils during sars-cov-2 infection: friend or foe","volume":"314","author":"Castanheira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32658-1","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism","volume":"398","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102925","article-title":"Vascular occlusion by neutrophil extracellular traps in covid-19","volume":"58","author":"Leppkes","year":"2020","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12959-015-0049-x","article-title":"Autoinflammatory diseases: A possible cause of thrombosis","volume":"13","author":"La Regina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thromb J"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2022.100408","article-title":"In vivo real-time red blood cell migration and microcirculation flow synergy imaging-surveyed thrombolytic therapy with iron-oxide complexes","volume":"16","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater Today Bio"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rth2.12798","article-title":"Rotational thromboelastometry in critically ill covid-19 patients does not predict thrombosis","volume":"6","author":"Dujardin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res Pract Thromb haemostasis"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa857","article-title":"Antiphospholipid patterns predict risk of thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"60","author":"Demir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2352-3026(18)30046-2","article-title":"Disease burden, complication rates, and health-care costs of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in the USA: A population-based study","volume":"5","author":"Dhakal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Haematology"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.606245","article-title":"Inhibition of shear-induced platelet aggregation by xueshuantong via targeting piezo1 channel-mediated ca 2+ Signaling pathway","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.734603","article-title":"Berberine and its main metabolite berberrubine inhibit platelet activation through suppressing the class I pi3k\u03b2\/rasa3\/rap1 pathway","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M084731","article-title":"2-chlorofatty acids: lipid mediators of neutrophil extracellular trap formation","volume":"59","author":"Palladino","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.770463","article-title":"Longitudinal trend of plasma concentrations of extracellular vesicles in patients hospitalized for covid-19","volume":"9","author":"Campello","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-04-710632","article-title":"Disulfide hmgb1 derived from platelets coordinates venous thrombosis in mice","volume":"128","author":"Jung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood: J Am Soc Hematol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.7308","article-title":"Assessment of neutrophil extracellular traps in coronary thrombus of a case series of patients with covid-19 and myocardial infarction","author":"Blasco","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-022-01074-9","article-title":"The role of neutrophil extracellular traps in early microthrombosis and brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice","volume":"14","author":"Hao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trans Stroke Res"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.118.310731","article-title":"Platelets drive thrombus propagation in a hematocrit and glycoprotein vi-dependent manner in an in vitro venous thrombosis model","volume":"38","author":"Lehmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis thrombosis Vasc Biol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aar6676","article-title":"Noncanonical inflammasome signaling elicits gasdermin D\u2013dependent neutrophil extracellular traps(Article)","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20892\/j.issn.2095-3941.2017.0144","article-title":"Coagulation factor vii gene polymorphisms are not associated with the occurrence or the survival of hepatocellular carcinoma: A report of 37 cases","volume":"15","author":"Chih-Che","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Biol Med"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12802","article-title":"Novel mouse hemostasis model for real-time determination of bleeding time and hemostatic plug composition","volume":"13","author":"Getz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemostasis"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11050694","article-title":"Immunothrombosis in covid-19: implications of neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"11","author":"Bautista-Becerril","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.07.014","article-title":"Fgl2-mcoln3-autophagy axis-triggered neutrophil extracellular traps exacerbate liver injury in fulminant viral hepatitis","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103344","article-title":"Why does covid-19 disproportionately affect older people","volume":"12","author":"Mueller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019004634","article-title":"Par4 activation involves extracellular loop-3 and transmembrane residue thr153","volume":"136","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15623","article-title":"Targeted proteomics for evaluating risk of venous thrombosis following traumatic lower-leg injury or knee arthroscopy","volume":"20","author":"Mohammed","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Thromb haemostasis JTH"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020003471","article-title":"Evidence of thrombotic microangiopathy in children with sars-cov-2 across the spectrum of clinical presentations","volume":"4","author":"Diorio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hematology,ASH Educ Program"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2021.10.009","article-title":"Acute limb ischemia related to neutrophil extracellular traps in a patient with covid-19","volume":"15","author":"Ozawa","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interventions"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15566","article-title":"Role of neutrophils, platelets, and extracellular vesicles and their interactions in covid-19-associated thrombopathy","volume":"20","author":"Caillon","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2488","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16191-y","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps released by neutrophils impair revascularization and vascular remodeling after stroke","volume":"11","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.10.001","article-title":"Neutrophil \"Plucking\" on megakaryocytes drives platelet production and boosts cardiovascular disease","volume":"55","author":"Petzold","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2021.100794","article-title":"An update on drugs with therapeutic potential for sars-cov-2 (Covid-19) treatment","volume":"59","author":"Drozdzal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Resist Update"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112015","article-title":"Covid-19 challenges and its therapeutics","volume":"142","author":"Rehman","year":"2021","journal-title":"BioMed Pharmacother"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2021-319552","article-title":"Antiplatelet therapy and outcome in covid-19: the health outcome predictive evaluation registry","volume":"108","author":"Santoro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.061533","article-title":"Anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy for prevention of venous and arterial thrombotic events in critically ill patients with covid-19: covid-pact","volume":"146","author":"Bohula","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15808","article-title":"Isth guidelines for antithrombotic treatment in covid-19","volume":"20","author":"Schulman","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2020.12.004","article-title":"Covid-19 and thrombosis: from bench to bedside","volume":"31","author":"Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2021.100992","article-title":"Covid-19 and peripheral artery thrombosis: A mini review","volume":"47","author":"Goudarzi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Probl Cardiol"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.07.021","article-title":"Impact of covid-19 pandemic on stemi thrombolysis and emergency department's performance in a non-pci capable tertiary hospital","volume":"60","author":"Koh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.69141","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate M(6)a modification and regulates sepsis-associated acute lung injury by activating ferroptosis in alveolar epithelial cells","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021011525","article-title":"Gasdermin D inhibition prevents multiple organ dysfunction during sepsis by blocking net formation","volume":"138","author":"Silva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1287132\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T04:35:56Z","timestamp":1706502956000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1287132\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"references-count":84,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1287132"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1287132","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"article-number":"1287132"}}