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Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a transient disease, may lead to short- or long-term adverse influences on maternal and fetal health. Therefore, its potential functions, mechanisms and related molecular biomarkers must be comprehended for the control, diagnosis and treatment of GDM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using GSE49524 and GSE87295 associated with GDM from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, followed by function enrichment analysis, protein-protein interactions network construction, hub DEGs mining, diagnostic value evaluation and immune infiltration analysis. Finally, hub DEGs, the strongest related to immune infiltration, were screened as immune-related biomarkers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A hundred and seven DEGs were identified between patients with GDM and healthy individuals. Six hub genes with high diagnostic values, including <jats:italic>ALDH1A1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>BMP4<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>EFNB2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>MME<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>PLAUR<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>SLIT2<\/jats:italic>, were identified. Among these, two immune-related genes (<jats:italic>PLAUR<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>SLIT2<\/jats:italic>) with the highest absolute correlation coefficient were considered immune-related biomarkers in GDM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of GDM, which would provide a foundation for the development of diagnosis and treatment of GDM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1296855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T16:21:16Z","timestamp":1708532476000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The integrated bioinformatic analysis identifies immune microenvironment-related potential biomarkers for patients with gestational diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jie-ling","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-fang","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin-chen","family":"Kan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Wu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/dmso.S207019","article-title":"Replication of previous genome-wide association studies of HKDC1, BACE2, SLC16A11 and TMEM163 SNPs in a gestational diabetes mellitus case-control sample from Han Chinese population","volume":"12","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.44200","article-title":"Risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus among women attending an antenatal care clinic in prince sultan military medical city (PSMMC), Riyadh, kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A case-control study","volume":"15","author":"Alduayji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.05.001","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"48","author":"Szmuilowicz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2018.09.004","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus: mechanisms, treatment, and complications","volume":"29","author":"Johns","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1038\/s41387-019-0095-8","article-title":"Naringenin improves insulin sensitivity in gestational diabetes mellitus mice through AMPK","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr Diabetes"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11061210","article-title":"Effectiveness of following Mediterranean diet recommendations in the real world in the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and adverse maternal-foetal outcomes: A prospective, universal, interventional study with a single group. 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