{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T02:40:42Z","timestamp":1783478442671,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The comorbidity of optic neuritis with multiple sclerosis has been well recognized. However, the causal association between multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis, as well as other eye disorders, remains incompletely understood. To address these gaps, we investigated the genetically relationship between multiple sclerosis and eye disorders, and explored potential drugs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In order to elucidate the genetic susceptibility and causal links between multiple sclerosis and eye disorders, we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses to examine the causality between multiple sclerosis and eye disorders. Additionally, causal single-nucleotide polymorphisms were annotated and searched for expression quantitative trait loci data. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed to identify the possible mechanisms responsible for the eye disorders coexisting with multiple sclerosis. Potential therapeutic chemicals were also explored using the Cytoscape.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mendelian randomization analysis revealed that multiple sclerosis increased the incidence of optic neuritis while reducing the likelihood of concurrent of cataract and macular degeneration. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis implicated that lymphocyte proliferation, activation and antigen processing as potential contributors to the pathogenesis of eye disorders coexisting with multiple sclerosis. Furthermore, pharmaceutical agents traditionally employed for allograft rejection exhibited promising therapeutic potential for the eye disorders coexisting with multiple sclerosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multiple sclerosis genetically contributes to the development of optic neuritis while mitigating the concurrent occurrence of cataract and macular degeneration. Further research is needed to validate these findings and explore additional mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of multiple sclerosis and eye disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1337528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T05:03:30Z","timestamp":1707109410000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Genetic susceptibility and causal pathway analysis of eye disorders coexisting in multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xuecheng","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi 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