{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T07:33:13Z","timestamp":1774683193072,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are the most common diseases caused by <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>), which can progress to threatening conditions due to recurrences and systemic complications. Staphylococcal protein A (SpA) is an immunomodulator antigen of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>, which allows bacterial evasion from the immune system by interfering with different types of immune responses to pathogen antigens. Immunization with SpA could potentially unmask the pathogen to the immune system, leading to the production of antibodies that can protect from a second encounter with <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>, as it occurs in skin infection recurrences. Here, we describe a study in which mice are immunized with a mutated form of SpA mixed with the Adjuvant System 01 (SpA<jats:sub>mut<\/jats:sub>\/AS01) before a primary <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> skin infection. Although mice are not protected from the infection under these conditions, they are able to mount a broader pathogen-specific functional immune response that results in protection against systemic dissemination of bacteria following an <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> second infection (recurrence). We show that this \u201chidden effect\u201d of SpA can be partially explained by higher functionality of induced anti-SpA antibodies, which promotes better phagocytic activity. Moreover, a broader and stronger humoral response is elicited against several <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> antigens that during an infection are masked by SpA activity, which could prevent <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> spreading from the skin through the blood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1355764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T05:03:21Z","timestamp":1710133401000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Vaccination with staphylococcal protein A protects mice against systemic complications of skin infection recurrences"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Andrea 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