{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:11:59Z","timestamp":1792174319578,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":160,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Interferons (IFNs) are a family of cytokines with diverse functions in host resistance to pathogens and in immune regulation. Type II IFN, i.e. IFN-\u03b3, is widely recognized as a major mediator of resistance to intracellular pathogens, including the protozoan <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>. More recently, IFN-\u03b1\/\u03b2, i.e. type I IFNs, and IFN-\u03bb (type III IFN) have been identified to also play important roles during <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infections. This parasite is a widespread pathogen of humans and animals, and it is a model organism to study cell-mediated immune responses to intracellular infection. Its success depends, among other factors, on the ability to counteract the IFN system, both at the level of IFN-mediated gene expression and at the level of IFN-regulated effector molecules. Here, I review recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying IFN-mediated host resistance and immune regulation during <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infections. I also discuss those mechanisms that <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> has evolved to efficiently evade IFN-mediated immunity. Knowledge of these fascinating host-parasite interactions and their underlying signalling machineries is crucial for a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis, and it might also identify potential targets of parasite-directed or host-directed supportive therapies to combat the parasite more effectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1356216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T05:32:38Z","timestamp":1707283958000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["IFNs in host defence and parasite immune evasion during Toxoplasma gondii infections"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Carsten G. 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