{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T14:47:23Z","timestamp":1793198843831,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>B cell transcriptomic signatures hold promise for the early prediction of vaccine-induced humoral immunity and vaccine protective efficacy. We performed a longitudinal study in 232 healthy adult participants before\/after a 3<jats:sup>rd<\/jats:sup> dose of MMR (MMR3) vaccine. We assessed baseline and early transcriptional patterns in purified B cells and their association with measles-specific humoral immunity after MMR vaccination using two analytical methods (\u201cper gene\u201d linear models and joint analysis). Our study identified distinct early transcriptional signatures\/genes following MMR3 that were associated with measles-specific neutralizing antibody titer and\/or binding antibody titer. The most significant genes included: the interleukin 20 receptor subunit beta\/<jats:italic>IL20RB<\/jats:italic> gene (a subunit receptor for IL-24, a cytokine involved in the germinal center B cell maturation\/response); the phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1\/<jats:italic>PMAIP1<\/jats:italic>, the brain expressed X-linked 2\/<jats:italic>BEX2<\/jats:italic> gene and the B cell Fas apoptotic inhibitory molecule\/<jats:italic>FAIM<\/jats:italic>, involved in the selection of high-affinity B cell clones and apoptosis\/regulation of apoptosis; as well as <jats:italic>IL16<\/jats:italic> (encoding the B lymphocyte-derived IL-16 ligand of CD4), involved in the crosstalk between B cells, dendritic cells and helper T cells. Significantly enriched pathways included B cell signaling, apoptosis\/regulation of apoptosis, metabolic pathways, cell cycle-related pathways, and pathways associated with viral infections, among others. In conclusion, our study identified genes\/pathways linked to antigen-induced B cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and clonal selection, that are associated with, and impact measles virus-specific humoral immunity after MMR vaccination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1358477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T04:43:39Z","timestamp":1712119419000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Early B cell transcriptomic markers of measles-specific humoral immunity following a 3rd dose of MMR vaccine"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Iana H.","family":"Haralambieva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huy 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