{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T12:20:45Z","timestamp":1762604445760,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pollen from <jats:italic>Salsola kali<\/jats:italic>, i.e., saltwort, Russian thistle, is a major allergen source in the coastal regions of southern Europe, in Turkey, Central Asia, and Iran. <jats:italic>S. kali-<\/jats:italic>allergic patients mainly suffer from hay-fever (i.e., rhinitis and conjunctivitis), asthma, and allergic skin symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of individual <jats:italic>S. kali<\/jats:italic> allergen molecules. Sal k 1, Sal k 2, Sal k 3, Sal k 4, Sal k 5, and Sal k 6 were expressed in <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> as recombinant proteins containing a C-terminal hexahistidine tag and purified by nickel affinity chromatography. The purity of the recombinant allergens was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Their molecular weight was determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and their fold and secondary structure were studied by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Sera from clinically well-characterized <jats:italic>S. kali<\/jats:italic>-allergic patients were used for IgE reactivity and basophil activation experiments. <jats:italic>S. kali<\/jats:italic> allergen-specific IgE levels and IgE levels specific for the highly IgE cross-reactive profilin and the calcium-binding allergen from timothy grass pollen, Phl p 12 and Phl p 7, respectively, were measured by ImmunoCAP. The allergenic activity of natural <jats:italic>S. kali<\/jats:italic> pollen allergens was studied in basophil activation experiments. Recombinant <jats:italic>S. kali<\/jats:italic> allergens were folded when studied by CD analysis. The sum of recombinant allergen-specific IgE levels and allergen-extract-specific IgE levels was highly correlated. Sal k 1 and profilin, reactive with IgE from 64% and 49% of patients, respectively, were the most important allergens, whereas the other <jats:italic>S. kali<\/jats:italic> allergens were less frequently recognized. Specific IgE levels were highest for profilin. Of note, 37% of patients who were negative for Sal k 1 showed IgE reactivity to Phl p 12, emphasizing the importance of the ubiquitous cytoskeletal actin-binding protein, profilin, for the diagnosis of IgE sensitization in <jats:italic>S. kali<\/jats:italic>-allergic patients. rPhl p 12 and rSal k 4 showed equivalent IgE reactivity, and the clinical importance of profilin was underlined by the fact that profilin-monosensitized patients suffered from symptoms of respiratory allergy to saltwort. Accordingly, profilin should be included in the panel of allergen molecules for diagnosis and in molecular allergy vaccines for the treatment and prevention of <jats:italic>S. kali<\/jats:italic> allergy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1379833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T19:14:16Z","timestamp":1718133256000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The cytoskeletal protein profilin is an important allergen in saltwort (Salsola kali)"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ludmila","family":"Peterkova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daria","family":"Trifonova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pia","family":"Gattinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margarete","family":"Focke-Tejkl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Garib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nigora","family":"Magbulova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gulnara","family":"Djambekova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nodira","family":"Zakhidova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mokhigul","family":"Ismatova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bulent Enis","family":"Sekerel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sevda","family":"Tuten Dal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikhail","family":"Tulaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kundi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Karaulov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rudolf","family":"Valenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2013.06.014","article-title":"Allergens of weed pollen: an overview on recombinant and natural molecules","volume":"66","author":"Gadermaier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"B2","article-title":"Amaranthaceae pollens: review of an emerging allergy in the mediterranean area","volume":"24","author":"Villalba","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.22034\/IJI.2018.39398","article-title":"Specific igE assay for respiratory allergens in patients with atopy in ahvaz, Iran","volume":"15","author":"Moradi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran J Immunol"},{"key":"B4","article-title":"IgE sensitization to inhalant allergens and its association with allergic diseases in adults","volume":"17","author":"Shokouhi Shoormasti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.14113","article-title":"Molecular profile of specific IgE to allergenic components in allergic adults using allergen nano-bead array","volume":"52","author":"Shokouhi Shoormasti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-8707(33)90064-7","article-title":"The importance of the Chenopodiaceae in pollinosis: with special reference to Winslow and Holbrook","volume":"4","author":"Lomson","year":"1933","journal-title":"J Allergy"},{"key":"B7","article-title":"The prevalence of allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis and asthma among adults of tehran","volume":"47","author":"Shokouhi Shoormasti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran J Public Health"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091\u20136749(81)90101\u20139","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of Russian thistle (Salsola pestifer) pollen allergens","volume":"67","author":"Shafiee","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.12.1084","article-title":"The advent of recombinant allergens and allergen cloning","volume":"127","author":"Thomas","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-030409\u2013101218","article-title":"From allergen genes to allergy vaccines","volume":"28","author":"Valenta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398\u20139995.2003.00269.x","article-title":"Immunochemical characterization of Russian thistle (Salsola kali) pollen extracts. Purification of the allergen Sal k 1","volume":"58","author":"Carn\u00e9s","year":"2003","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2007.02744.x","article-title":"A pectin methylesterase as an allergenic marker for the sensitization to Russian thistle (Salsola kali) pollen","volume":"37","author":"Barderas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2332\/allergolint.09-OA-0155","article-title":"Expression of the recombinant major allergen of Salsola kali pollen (Sal k 1) and comparison with its low-immunoglobulin E-binding mutant","volume":"59","author":"Assarehzadegan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033\u2013010-0078\u20132","article-title":"Identification of methionine synthase (Sal k 3), as a novel allergen of Salsola kali pollen","volume":"38","author":"Assarehzadegan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.100129","article-title":"Sal k 4, a new allergen of Salsola kali, is profilin: a predictive value of conserved conformational regions in cross-reactivity with other plant-derived profilins","volume":"74","author":"Assarehzadegan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biosci Biotechnol Biochem"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.12024","article-title":"The natural profilin from Russian thistle (Salsola kali) contains a low IgE-binding ability isoform\u2013molecular and immunological characterization","volume":"279","author":"Mas","year":"2012","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1857985","article-title":"Identification of profilin as a novel pollen allergen; IgE autoreactivity in sensitized individuals","volume":"253","author":"Valenta","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.175.2.377","article-title":"Profilins constitute a novel family of functional plant pan-allergens","volume":"175","author":"Valenta","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)41594-3","article-title":"Identification of profilin as an actin-binding protein in higher plants","volume":"268","author":"Valenta","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000356345","article-title":"Sal k 5, a member of the widespread Ole e 1-like protein family, is a new allergen of Russian thistle (Salsola kali) pollen","volume":"163","author":"Castro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18081780","article-title":"Endolysosomal degradation of allergenic ole e 1-like proteins: analysis of proteolytic cleavage sites revealing T cell epitope-containing peptides","volume":"18","author":"Wildner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2017.05.007","article-title":"A relevant IgE-reactive 28kDa protein identified from Salsola kali pollen extract by proteomics is a natural degradation product of an integral 47kDa polygalaturonase","volume":"1865","author":"Mas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000236290","article-title":"Homology of two cDNAs coding for birch pollen allergens with calmodulin: protein-bound ca2+ Affects the igE-binding capacity","volume":"99","author":"Seiberler","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.1998.2580454.x","article-title":"Molecular cloning and expression of active Ole e 3, a major allergen from olive-tree pollen and member of a novel family of Ca2+-binding proteins (polcalcins) involved in allergy","volume":"258","author":"Ledesma","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0014\u20135793(96)01520\u20137","article-title":"Molecular cloning and immunological characterisation of Cyn d 7, a novel calcium-binding allergen from Bermuda grass pollen","volume":"402","author":"Suphioglu","year":"1997","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1997.6860","article-title":"Molecular characterization, expression in Escherichia coli, and epitope analysis of a two EF-hand calcium-binding birch pollen allergen, Bet v 4","volume":"239","author":"Twardosz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.45.28630","article-title":"Immunological and biological properties of Bet v 4, a novel birch pollen allergen with two EF-hand calcium-binding domains","volume":"272","author":"Engel","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12563","article-title":"EAACI molecular allergology user\u2019s guide","author":"Matricardi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2020.100118","article-title":"The allergenic activity and clinical impact of individual IgE-antibody binding molecules from indoor allergen sources","volume":"13","author":"Caraballo","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.651500","article-title":"Are the terms major and minor allergens useful for precision allergology","volume":"12","author":"Caraballo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1159\/000096114","article-title":"The role of protein glycosylation in allergy","volume":"142","author":"Altmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.11.7624","article-title":"A hypoallergenic vaccine obtained by tail-to-head restructuring of timothy grass pollen profilin, Phl p 12, for the treatment of cross-sensitization to profilin","volume":"179","author":"Westritschnig","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.13.8.843","article-title":"Calcium-dependent immunoglobulin E recognition of the apo- and calcium-bound form of a cross-reactive two EF-hand timothy grass pollen allergen, Phl p 7","volume":"13","author":"Niederberger","year":"1999","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1994.1201","article-title":"cDNA cloning and expression of timothy grass (Phleum pratense) pollen profilin in Escherichia coli: comparison with birch pollen profilin","volume":"199","author":"Valenta","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13169","article-title":"Possible effect of landscape design on IgE recognition profiles of two generations revealed with micro-arrayed allergens","volume":"72","author":"Garib","year":"2017","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.12.002","article-title":"Recombinant glycoproteins resembling carbohydrate-specific IgE epitopes from plants, venoms and mites","volume":"39","author":"Gattinger","year":"2019","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000067591","article-title":"IgE to cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants: analysis of the distribution and appraisal of the in vivo and in vitro reactivity","volume":"129","author":"Mari","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0091\u20136749(99)70171\u20135","article-title":"Specific IgE to cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants strongly affect the in vitro diagnosis of allergic diseases","volume":"103","author":"Mari","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14325","article-title":"Highly sensitive ELISA-based assay for quantification of allergen-specific IgE antibody levels","volume":"75","author":"Karsonova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(91)90245-J","article-title":"Recombinant allergens for immunoblot diagnosis of tree-pollen allergy","volume":"88","author":"Valenta","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2002.126380","article-title":"IgE to Bet v 1 and profilin: cross-reactivity patterns and clinical relevance","volume":"110","author":"Wensing","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000444279","article-title":"Clinical relevance of igE to profilin and\/or polcalcin in pollen-sensitized patients","volume":"169","author":"San Nicol\u00f3","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1159\/000321178","article-title":"Profilins: mimickers of allergy or relevant allergens","volume":"155","author":"Santos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18176\/jiaci.0193","article-title":"Profilin, a change in the paradigm","volume":"28","author":"Rodr\u00edguez Del R\u00edo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.03.009","article-title":"Three patterns of sensitization to mugwort, timothy, birch and their major allergen components revealed by Latent class analysis","volume":"145","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S348650","article-title":"Clinical relevance of profilin sensitization concerning oral allergy syndrome in birch pollen sensitized patients","volume":"15","author":"H\u00f6gerle","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Asthma Allergy"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1159\/000441222","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical relevance of igE sensitization to profilin in childhood: A multicenter study","volume":"168","author":"Asero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B48","article-title":"Profilin may be a primary airborne sensitizer: a case report","volume":"23","author":"Asero","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24044040","article-title":"Relationship between igE levels specific for ragweed pollen extract, amb a 1 and cross-reactive allergen molecules","volume":"24","author":"Zb\u00eercea","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2019.12.014","article-title":"Identification, cloning, and immunological studies on a major eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) allergen Sola m 1: A new member of profilin allergen family","volume":"118","author":"Maity","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aller.2015.05.002","article-title":"Major allergen from Amaranthus palmeri pollen is a profilin: Isolation, partial characterisation and IgE recognition","volume":"44","author":"Landa-Pineda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergol Immunopathol (Madr)"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2005.02303.x","article-title":"Allergenic reactivity of the melon profilin Cuc m 2 and its identification as major allergen","volume":"35","author":"L\u00f3pez-Torrej\u00f3n","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"B53","first-page":"49","article-title":"Molecular cloning, characterization, and expression of Cuc m 2, a major allergen in Cucumis melo","volume":"1","author":"Sankian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rep Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000314361","article-title":"Watermelon profilin: characterization of a major allergen as a model for plant-derived food profilins","volume":"153","author":"Cases","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2005.00903.x","article-title":"Isolation, cloning and allergenic reactivity of natural profilin Cit s 2, a major orange allergen","volume":"60","author":"L\u00f3pez-Torrej\u00f3n","year":"2005","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000073712","article-title":"Identification of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) pollen profilin as a cross-reactive allergen","volume":"132","author":"Focke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.687294","article-title":"IgE epitopes of the house dust mite allergen der p 7 are mainly discontinuous and conformational","volume":"12","author":"Curin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.2000.4880","article-title":"Estimation of protein secondary structure from circular dichroism spectra: comparison of CONTIN, SELCON, and CDSSTR methods with an expanded reference set","volume":"287","author":"Sreerama","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.20853","article-title":"Protein secondary structure analyses from circular dichroism spectroscopy: methods and reference databases","volume":"89","author":"Whitmore","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biopolymers"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2013021-03819\u20132","article-title":"Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold","volume":"596","author":"Jumper","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592\u2013022-01488\u20131","article-title":"ColabFold: making protein folding accessible to all","volume":"19","author":"Mirdita","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.05.008","article-title":"ImmunoCAP assays: Pros and cons in allergology","volume":"140","author":"van Hage","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.12.1131","article-title":"Quantitative measurement of IgE antibodies to purified allergens using streptavidin linked to a high-capacity solid phase","volume":"115","author":"Erwin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13956","article-title":"A hypoallergenic peptide mix containing T cell epitopes of the clinically relevant house dust mite allergens","volume":"74","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2013.10.008","article-title":"Advances in allergen-microarray technology for diagnosis and monitoring of allergy: the MeDALL allergen-chip","volume":"66","author":"Lupinek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15865","article-title":"Natural human Bet v 1-specific IgG antibodies recognize non-conformational epitopes whereas IgE reacts with conformational epitopes","volume":"78","author":"Brazhnikov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2023.03.012","article-title":"Physicochemical and immunological characterization of Amb a 12, a novel ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) pollen allergen","volume":"157","author":"Grijincu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0091\u20136749(97)70101\u20135","article-title":"Biologic allergen assay for in vivo test allergens with an in vitro model of the murine type I reaction","volume":"99","author":"Hoffmann","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2016.05.033","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive assay based on particle analysis for cell degranulation detection in basophils and mast cells","volume":"111","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2008.04.012","article-title":"Assessment of three human FcepsilonRI-transfected RBL cell-lines for identifying IgE induced degranulation utilizing peanut-allergic patient sera and peanut protein extract","volume":"51","author":"Ladics","year":"2008","journal-title":"Regul Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3109\/1547691X.2014.920063","article-title":"Use of a rat basophil leukemia (RBL) cell-based immunological assay for allergen identification, clinical diagnosis of allergy, and identification of anti-allergy agents for use in immunotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunotoxicol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1379833\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T19:14:22Z","timestamp":1718133262000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1379833\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]]},"references-count":71,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1379833"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1379833","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1664-3224"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]]},"article-number":"1379833"}}