{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T06:03:54Z","timestamp":1793685834721,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Psoriasis, a persistent skin condition caused by the disorder of the immune system, impacts approximately 1.25 million individuals globally. Nevertheless, the presence of adverse effects in conventional clinical drugs necessitates further exploration of novel medications or combination therapies to mitigate these reactions and enhance their effectiveness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hence, our intention here in this paper is to utilize the lipid nanoparticle delivery system for overcoming the volatility and hydrophobic properties of \u03b1-pinene, a naturally occurring compound renowned for its anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects, and further explore its potential pharmacological applications both <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The production of \u03b1-pinene lipid nanoparticles (APLNs) was achieved through the utilization of high pressure homogenization methods. APLNs was successfully fabricated with enhanced stability and water solubility. Meanwhile, the application of APLNs could drastically reduce the expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation-related factors in THP-1 cells. Administration of APLNs to a mouse model of auricular swelling could effectively reduce redness and swelling in the auricles of mice as well. Furthermore, APLNs were also found to alleviate skin damage in mice with Imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis model, as well as decrease the levels of psoriasis-related protein nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-\u03baB) and interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-23 (IL-23), and other inflammation-related cytokines. More importantly, utilization of APLNs successfully mitigated the systemic inflammatory reactions in mice, resulting in the reduction of spleen-to-body ratio (wt%) and of inflammatory cytokines\u2019 expression in the serum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, our results suggest that with the help of lipid nanoparticle encapsulation, APLNs possess a better pharmacological effect in anti-inflammation and could potentially serve as an anti-psoriasis drug.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1390589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T04:35:16Z","timestamp":1730176516000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Alpha-Pinene-encapsulated lipid nanoparticles diminished inflammatory responses in THP-1 cells and imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin injury and splenomegaly in mice"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Tao-Yu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan-Li","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ming","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan-Dong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Xia","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Yuan","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han-Bo","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sha-Sha","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei Kevin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2867","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59332-5","article-title":"Striking essential oil: tapping into a largely unexplored source for drug discovery","volume":"10","author":"Feyaerts","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4510","article-title":"The re-emergence of natural products for drug discovery in the genomics era","volume":"14","author":"Harvey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discovery"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25132973","article-title":"Verification of chromatographic profile of primary essential oil of pinus sylvestris L. 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