{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:58:04Z","timestamp":1792627084215,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pathogenesis of vitiligo remains elusive. Emerging evidence suggests that vitiligo is an immune-mediated disorder, in which a plethora of immune cells play pivotal roles. However, the association between circulating immune cells and vitiligo continues to be enigmatic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We extracted single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with immune circulating cells at a genome-wide significance level from the BLOOD CELL CONSORTIUM\u2019s genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset. Summary data for 385,801 cases of vitiligo were obtained from a large-scale Finnish genome-wide association study (ncases=292, ncontrols=385,509). The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was employed as the primary analytical approach for Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Additionally, heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran\u2019s Q value, and horizontal pleiotropy was evaluated using MR-Egger Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier and leave-one-out analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The risk of vitiligo was found to increase with the elevation of 4 circulating immune cells, as evidenced by the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs): basophils (OR=1.81; 95% CI: 1.01\u20133.24, p=0.0450), monocytes (OR=1.67; 95% CI: 1.23\u20132.26, p=0.0009), eosinophils (OR=1.78; 95% CI: 1.22\u20132.59, p=0.0028), and neutrophils (OR=1.65; 95% CI: 1.08\u20132.54, p=0.0208). After removing outliers, the sensitivity analysis of the above indicators did not show heterogeneity and pleiotropy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings illuminate the association between circulating immune cells and vitiligo, offering insights that could guide clinical practices in the treatment of vitiligo.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1391186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T04:25:17Z","timestamp":1717388717000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Circulating immune cells and vitiligo: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Xin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20136736(14)60763\u20137","article-title":"Geel N van. 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