{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T10:55:37Z","timestamp":1773053737118,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Currently, there is a lack of an objective quantitative measure to comprehensively evaluate the inflammatory activity of axSpA, which poses certain challenges in accurately assessing the disease activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore the value of combined-parameter models of sacroiliac\u00a0joints (SIJs) MRI relaxometry and peripheral blood Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in evaluating the inflammatory activity of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective clinical study included 88 axSpA patients (median age 31.0 (22.0, 41.8) years, 21.6% females) and 20 controls (median age 28.0 (20.5, 49.5) years, 40.0% females). The axSpA group was classified into active subgroup (n=50) and inactive subgroup (n=38) based on ASDAS-CRP. All participants underwent SIJs MRI examination including T1 and T2* mapping, and peripheral blood flow cytometry analysis of MAIT cells (defined as CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>V\u03b17.2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD161<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) and their activation markers (CD69). The T1 and T2* values, as were the percentages of MAIT cells and CD69<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>MAIT cells were compared between different groups. Combined-parameter models were established using logistic regression, and ROC curves were employed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The T1 values of SIJs and %CD69<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>MAIT cells in the axSpA group and its subgroup were higher than the control group (p&amp;lt;0.05), while %MAIT cells were lower than the control group (p&amp;lt;0.05). The T1 values and %CD69<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>MAIT cells correlated positively, while %MAIT cells correlated negatively, with the ASDAS-CRP (r=0.555, 0.524, -0.357, p&amp;lt;0.001). Between the control and axSpA groups, and between the inactive and active subgroups, the combined-parameter model T1 mapping+%CD69<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>MAIT cells has the best efficacy (AUC=0.959, 0.879, sensibility=88.6, 70%, specificity=95.0, 94.7%, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The combined-parameter model T1 mapping+%CD69<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>MAIT cells allows a more accurate evaluation of the level of inflammatory activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1391280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T04:41:34Z","timestamp":1716352894000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Inflammatory activity evaluation in patients with axial spondyloarthritis using MRI relaxometry and mucosal-associated invariant T cells"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shengsheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yonghong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingui","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaomin","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huangjing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingping","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31591-4","article-title":"Axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"390","author":"Sieper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60071-8","article-title":"Spondyloarthritis","volume":"377","author":"Dougados","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2016.12.008","article-title":"Evaluation and management of the patient with suspected inflammatory spine disease","volume":"92","author":"Strand","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.097931","article-title":"Baseline and 1-year magnetic resonance imaging of the sacroiliac joint and lumbar spine in very early inflammatory back pain. 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