{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T09:35:33Z","timestamp":1793871333233,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018554","name":"New York Institute of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1394654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T01:50:02Z","timestamp":1717033802000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Enteric glia as friends and foes of the intestinal epithelial barrier function"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Vedrana","family":"Bali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Grubi\u0161i\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2014.898326","article-title":"Surface area of the digestive tract \u2013 revisited","volume":"49","author":"Helander","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2018.02.014","article-title":"Investigation into complementary and integrative medicine practitioners\u2019 clinical experience of intestinal permeability: A cross-sectional survey","volume":"31","author":"Leech","year":"2018","journal-title":"Complement Ther Clin Pract"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2016_107","article-title":"Abnormal barrier function in gastrointestinal disorders","volume":"239","author":"Farr\u00e9","year":"2017","journal-title":"Handb Exp Pharmacol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00399-w","article-title":"The intestinal barrier, an arbitrator turned provocateur in IBD","volume":"18","author":"Mehandru","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.169","article-title":"The intestinal epithelial barrier: A therapeutic target","volume":"14","author":"Odenwald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad0135","article-title":"A gut-vascular barrier controls the systemic dissemination of bacteria","volume":"350","author":"Spadoni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.04.041","article-title":"Neuro-immune interactions at barrier surfaces","volume":"165","author":"Veiga-Fernandes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-018-0063-y","article-title":"Neuro-immune regulation of mucosal physiology","volume":"12","author":"Chesne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00423-7","article-title":"Enteric glial biology, intercellular signaling and roles in gastrointestinal disease","volume":"18","author":"Seguella","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2022.102183","article-title":"The role of enteric glia in intestinal immunity","volume":"77","author":"Progatzky","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1228938","article-title":"Guardians of the gut: influence of the enteric nervous system on the intestinal epithelial barrier","volume":"10","author":"Bubeck","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2023.137315","article-title":"Enteric glia at center stage of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"809","author":"Le Berre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2023.137395","article-title":"Mini-review: Enteric glial cell reactions to inflammation and potential therapeutic implications for GI diseases, motility disorders, and abdominal pain","volume":"812","author":"Linan-Rico","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2023.137215","article-title":"Mini-Review: Enteric glial regulation of the gastrointestinal epithelium","volume":"805","author":"Prochera","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP273492","article-title":"Enteric glial activity regulates secretomotor function in the mouse colon but does not acutely affect gut permeability","volume":"595","author":"Grubi\u0161i\u0107","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00104.2019","article-title":"NTPDase1 and -2 are expressed by distinct cellular compartments in the mouse colon and differentially impact colonic physiology and function after DSS colitis","volume":"317","author":"Grubi\u0161i\u0107","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-022-00550-7","article-title":"Enteric glial adenosine 2B receptor signaling mediates persistent epithelial barrier dysfunction following acute DSS colitis","volume":"15","author":"Grubi\u0161i\u0107","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12115","article-title":"3-D imaging, illustration, and quantitation of enteric glial network in transparent human colon mucosa","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089881","article-title":"An enteroendocrine cell-enteric glia connection revealed by 3D electron microscopy","volume":"9","author":"Boh\u00f3rquez","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2000.278.4.G644","article-title":"Patch-clamp study of neurons and glial cells in isolated myenteric ganglia","volume":"278","author":"Hanani","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271021","article-title":"Enteric glia: the most alimentary of all glia","volume":"595","author":"Grubi\u0161i\u0107","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2012.138","article-title":"Novel functional roles for enteric glia in the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"9","author":"Gulbransen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.06.021","article-title":"Molecular architecture of the mouse nervous system","volume":"174","author":"Zeisel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.003","article-title":"The human and mouse enteric nervous system at single-cell resolution","volume":"182","author":"Drokhlyansky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2021.10.004","article-title":"Enteric glial cell heterogeneity regulates intestinal stem cell niches","volume":"29","author":"Baghdadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2023.01.005","article-title":"The multiple roles of enteric glial cells in intestinal homeostasis and regeneration","author":"Baghdadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81571-8","article-title":"Fulminant jejuno-ileitis following ablation of enteric glia in adult transgenic mice","volume":"93","author":"Bush","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3300784","article-title":"The bystander effect in the HSVtk\/ganciclovir system and its relationship to gap junctional communication","volume":"5","author":"Touraine","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2012.221","article-title":"The digestive neuronal-glial-epithelial unit: a new actor in gut health and disease","volume":"10","author":"Neunlist","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G1","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00016.2018","article-title":"The multiple faces of inflammatory enteric glial cells: is Crohn\u2019s disease a gliopathy","volume":"315","author":"Pochard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00009.2018","article-title":"Neurons and glia in the enteric nervous system and epithelial barrier function","volume":"33","author":"Vergnolle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol (Bethesda)"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.12.037","article-title":"Microbiota controls the homeostasis of glial cells in the gut lamina propria","volume":"85","author":"Kabouridis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.07.002","article-title":"Enteric glia regulate gastrointestinal motility but are not required for maintenance of the epithelium in mice","volume":"153","author":"Rao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.595892","article-title":"Enteric glia play a critical role in promoting the development of colorectal cancer","volume":"10","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.012625","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokines increase glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in enteric glia","volume":"53","author":"von Boyen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B36","first-page":"7","article-title":"Enteric glia","volume-title":"Colloquium series on neuroglia in biology and medicine: from physiology to disease","author":"Gulbransen","year":"2014"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2019.03.013","article-title":"A novel serum free primary astrocyte culture method that mimic quiescent astrocyte phenotype","volume":"320","author":"Prah","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G228","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00216.2022","article-title":"Enteric glial cell network function is required for epithelial barrier restitution following intestinal ischemic injury in the early postnatal period","volume":"326","author":"Ziegler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12796","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92384-9","article-title":"Homeostasis of mucosal glial cells in human gut is independent of microbiota","volume":"11","author":"Inlender","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2679","article-title":"Activation of neuronal P2X7 receptor-Pannexin-1 mediates death of enteric neurons during colitis","volume":"18","author":"Gulbransen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202012724","article-title":"A novel P2X2-dependent purinergic mechanism of enteric gliosis in intestinal inflammation","volume":"13","author":"Schneider","year":"2021","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.05.056","article-title":"Impaired intestinal permeability contributes to ongoing bowel symptoms in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and mucosal healing","volume":"153","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300695","article-title":"Local barrier dysfunction identified by confocal laser endomicroscopy predicts relapse in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"61","author":"Kiesslich","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2015.22","article-title":"Epithelial-specific A2B adenosine receptor signaling protects the colonic epithelial barrier during acute colitis","volume":"8","author":"Aherne","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14357","article-title":"Tamoxifen administration alters gastrointestinal motility in mice","volume":"34","author":"Bhave","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1121471","article-title":"Potential risk of tamoxifen: gut microbiota and inflammation in mice with breast cancer","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2013.103","article-title":"Cholinergic signaling in the gut: a novel mechanism of barrier protection through activation of enteric glia cells","volume":"15","author":"Cheadle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G274","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00371.2016","article-title":"Enteric glia cells are critical to limiting the intestinal inflammatory response after injury","volume":"312","author":"Langness","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat5236","article-title":"A gut-brain neural circuit for nutrient sensory transduction","volume":"361","author":"Kaelberer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.47.1.112","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-2 enhances intestinal epithelial barrier function of both transcellular and paracellular pathways in the mouse","volume":"47","author":"Benjamin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2019.104714","article-title":"The microbiota-immune axis as a central mediator of gut-brain communication. The microbiota-immune axis as a central mediator of gut-brain communication","volume":"136","author":"Fung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12742","article-title":"Enteric GFAP expression and phosphorylation in Parkinson\u2019s disease","author":"Clairembault","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurochem.130"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2022.01281","article-title":"Intestinal permeability, dysbiosis, inflammation and enteric glia cells: the intestinal etiology of parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02164-5","article-title":"High-fat diet impairs duodenal barrier function and elicits glia-dependent changes along the gut-brain axis that are required for anxiogenic and depressive-like behaviors","volume":"18","author":"Seguella","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.057","article-title":"Chronic wasting disease prion trafficking via the autonomic nervous system","volume":"179","author":"Seelig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.05.001","article-title":"The enteric nervous system relays psychological stress to intestinal inflammation","volume":"186","author":"Schneider","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1394654\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T01:50:07Z","timestamp":1717033807000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1394654\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1394654"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1394654","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"article-number":"1394654"}}