{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T22:41:21Z","timestamp":1776724881068,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Extensive research has been conducted on the correlation between adipose tissue and the risk of malignant lymphoma. Despite numerous observational studies exploring this connection, uncertainty remains regarding a causal relationship between adipose tissue and malignant lymphoma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The increase or decrease in adipose tissue was represented by the height of BMI. The BMI and malignant lymphoma genome-wide association studies (GWAS) used a summary dataset from the OPEN GWAS website. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that met the criteria of P &amp;lt;5e\u20138 and LD of r<jats:sup>2\u00a0<\/jats:sup>=\u00a00.001 in the BMI GWAS were chosen as genetic instrumental variants (IVs). Proxy SNPs with LD of r<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> &amp;gt; 0.8 were identified, while palindromic and outlier SNPs were excluded. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis used five methods, including inverse-variance weighted (IVW) model, weighted median (WM), MR-Egger, simple mode, and weighted mode. Sensitivity assessments included Cochran\u2019s Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, and leave-one-out analysis. Participants randomly selected by the National Center for Health Statistics (NHANSE) and newly diagnosed HL patients at Fujian Medical University Union Hospital were used for external validation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of the MR analysis strongly supported the causal link between BMI and Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma (HL). The research demonstrated that individuals with lower BMI face a significantly increased risk of developing HL, with a 91.65% higher risk (OR<jats:sub>IVW<\/jats:sub> = 0.0835, 95% CI 0.0147 \u2013 0.4733, P = 0.005). No signs of horizontal or directional pleiotropy were observed in the MR studies. The validation results aligned with the results from the MR analysis (OR = 0.871, 95% CI 0.826 \u2013 0.918, P&amp;lt; 0.001). And there was no causal relationship between BMI and non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma (NHL).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The MR analysis study demonstrated a direct correlation between lower BMI and HL. This suggested that a decrease in adipose tissue increases the risk of developing HL. Nevertheless, further research is essential to grasp the underlying mechanism of this causal association comprehensively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1400756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T05:02:11Z","timestamp":1717045331000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The causal effect of adipose tissue on Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma: two-sample Mendelian randomization study and 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