{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:25:17Z","timestamp":1791235517545,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) is an intraocular infection caused by the parasite\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii.<\/jats:italic>\n                    OT is manifested as retinal choroiditis and is the most common infectious cause of posterior uveitis. Invasion of the retina by\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    leads to disruption of the blood-ocular barrier and promotes the migration of immune cells to the ocular tissues. Cytokines such as IFN-\u03b3 and IL-1\u03b2 are effective for controlling parasite growth, but excessive inflammatory responses can cause damage to the host. In this review, we will discuss in detail the latest advances in the immunopathology and treatment of OT.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1403025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T01:06:23Z","timestamp":1715303183000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["New advances in immune mechanism and treatment during ocular toxoplasmosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zijian","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shizhou","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuhai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhua","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81071-5","article-title":"Toxoplasma invasion of mammalian cells is powered by the actin cytoskeleton of the parasite","volume":"84","author":"Dobrowolski","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0691.2002.00485.x","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii: transmission, diagnosis and prevention","volume":"8","author":"Hill","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.6.1561","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii comprises three clonal lineages: correlation of parasite genotype with human disease","volume":"172","author":"Howe","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/322800","article-title":"Unusual abundance of atypical strains associated with human ocular toxoplasmosis","volume":"184","author":"Grigg","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515147","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of toxoplasmosis in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: 1988\u20131995. 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