{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:15:51Z","timestamp":1787026551356,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prognosis of relapsed\/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (r\/rAML) is dismal, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) is a potential cure. Combining anti-PD-1, hypomethylating agent (HMA), and CAG (cytarabine, aclarubicin\/idarubicin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) regimen has showed primary efficacy in r\/rAML. However, pre-transplant exposure to anti-PD-1 may lead to severe graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). This preliminary study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of allo-HSCT in r\/rAML patients receiving the anti-PD-1+HMA+CAG regimen.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifteen r\/rAML patients (12 related haploidentical donors [HIDs], 2 matched siblings, 1 unrelated donor) received this regimen and subsequent peripheral blood HSCT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four patients with HIDs received a GVHD prophylaxis regimen consisted of Anti-thymocyte globulin and a reduced-dose of post-transplant cyclophosphamide. The median follow-up was 20.9 months (range, 1.2-34.2). The cumulative incidences of acute GVHD grade 2-4 and grade 3-4 were 40% and 13.3%, respectively. The 2-year incidence of moderate-to-severe chronic GVHD, non-relapse mortality, and relapse were 10%, 22.3%, and 22.5%, respectively. The 2-year overall survival and GVHD-free\/relapse-free survival rates were 54% and 48.6%, respectively. No death or relapse was observed in the PTCy group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The anti-PD-1+HMA+CAG regimen bridging to allo-HSCT for r\/r AML was tolerable with promising efficacy. GVHD prophylaxis with PTCy for HID-HSCT showed preliminary survival advantage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1409302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T00:24:42Z","timestamp":1723767882000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Anti-PD-1 combined with hypomethylating agent and CAG regimen bridging to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a novel strategy for relapsed\/refractory acute myeloid 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