{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T14:49:22Z","timestamp":1788965362199,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevention and mitigation of intestinal immune challenge is crucial for poultry production. This study investigated the effects of dietary Macleaya cordata extract (MCE) supplementation on the prevention of intestinal injury in broiler chickens challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 256 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups using a 2\u00d72 factorial design with 2 MCE supplemental levels (0 and 400 mg\/kg) and 2 LPS challenge levels (0 and 1 mg\/kg body weight). The experiment lasted for 21\u00a0d.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results showed that MCE supplementation increased the average daily feed intake during days 0-14. MCE supplementation and LPS challenge have an interaction on the average daily gain during days 15-21. MCE supplementation significantly alleviated the decreased average daily gain of broiler chickens induced by LPS. MCE supplementation increased the total antioxidant capacity and the activity of catalase and reduced the level of malondialdehyde in jejunal mucosa. MCE addition elevated the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of the ileum. MCE supplementation decreased the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (<jats:italic>IL<\/jats:italic>)<jats:italic>-6<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>IL-8<\/jats:italic> in the jejunum. MCE addition mitigated LPS-induced mRNA up-expression of pro-inflammatory factors <jats:italic>IL-1\u03b2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>IL-17<\/jats:italic> in the jejunum. MCE supplementation increased the abundance of probiotic bacteria (such as <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Blautia<\/jats:italic>) and reduced the abundance of pathogenic bacteria (such as <jats:italic>Actinobacteriota<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Peptostretococcaceae<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Rhodococcus<\/jats:italic>), leading to alterations in gut microbiota composition. MCE addition altered several metabolic pathways such as Amino acid metabolism, Nucleotide metabolism, Energy metabolism, Carbohydrate metabolism, and Lipid metabolism in broilers. In these pathways, MCE supplementation increased the levels of L-aspartic acid, L-Glutamate, L-serine, etc., and reduced the levels of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, thromboxane B2, 13-(S)-HODPE, etc. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 400 mg\/kg MCE effectively improved the growth performance and intestinal function in LPS-challenged broiler chickens, probably due to the modulation of gut microbiota and plasma metabolites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1414869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T04:57:19Z","timestamp":1721365039000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Dietary supplementation with Macleaya cordata extract alleviates intestinal injury in broiler chickens challenged with lipopolysaccharide by regulating gut microbiota and plasma metabolites"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenli","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming\u2019ai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianwen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nianxue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beibei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.06.001","article-title":"In vivo porcine lipopolysaccharide inflammation models to study immunomodulation of drugs","volume":"166","author":"Wyns","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2011-4627","article-title":"Growth and development symposium: endotoxin, inflammation, and intestinal function in livestock","volume":"90","author":"Mani","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-019-01085-z","article-title":"Paeoniflorin prevents intestinal barrier disruption and inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in Caco-2 cell monolayers","volume":"42","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2024.740637","article-title":"The major role of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in astaxanthin alleviates immune stress in Channa argus lymphocyte","volume":"584","author":"Niu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2022.05.030","article-title":"Metabolomic, lipidomic and proteomic characterisation of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation mouse model","volume":"496","author":"Puris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.131136","article-title":"The accessible chromatin landscape of lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammatory response identifying epigenome signatures and transcription regulatory networks in chickens","volume":"266","author":"Lv","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.846649","article-title":"Effects of probiotics on the growth performance, antioxidant functions, immune responses, and caecal microbiota of broilers challenged by lipopolysaccharide","volume":"9","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.737522","article-title":"Dietary Taraxacum mongolicum polysaccharide ameliorates the growth, immune response, and antioxidant status in association with NF-\u03baB, Nrf2 and TOR in Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. 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