{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T09:09:04Z","timestamp":1789549744407,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Psoriasis, a persistent immune-mediated inflammatory skin condition, affects approximately 2-3% of the global population. Current treatments for psoriasis are fraught with limitations, including adverse effects, high costs, and diminishing efficacy over time. Thymoquinone (TQ), derived from <jats:italic>Nigella sativa<\/jats:italic> seeds, exhibits promising anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties that could prove beneficial in managing psoriasis. However, TQ\u2019s hydrophobic nature and poor bioavailability have hindered its usefulness as a therapeutic agent. Recent research has strategically addressed these challenges by developing nano-thymoquinone (nano-TQ) formulations to enhance delivery and efficacy in treating psoriasis. Preclinical studies employing mouse models have demonstrated that nano-TQ effectively mitigates inflammation, erythema, scaling, epidermal thickness, and cytokine levels in psoriatic lesions. Various nano-TQ formulations, including nanoemulsions, lipid vesicles, nanostructured lipid carriers, and ethosomes, have been explored to improve solubility, facilitate skin penetration, ensure sustained release, and achieve site-specific targeting. Although clinical trials are currently scarce, the outcomes from <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and animal models are promising. The potential co-delivery of nano-TQ with other anti-psoriatic agents also presents avenues for further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1416842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T04:32:51Z","timestamp":1723437171000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Nano-based formulations of thymoquinone are new approaches for psoriasis treatment: a literature review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Amir","family":"Modarresi Chahardehi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid 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