{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T08:54:11Z","timestamp":1793091251502,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Herpes zoster (HZ), also known as shingles, remains a significant global health issue and most commonly seen in elderly individuals with an early exposure history to varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Currently, the licensed vaccine Shingrix, which comprises a recombinant VZV glycoprotein E (gE) formulated with a potent adjuvant AS01B, is the most effective shingles vaccine on the market. However, undesired reactogenicity and increasing global demand causing vaccine shortage, prompting the development of novel shingles vaccines. Here, we developed novel vaccine candidates utilising multiple nanoparticle (NP) platforms to display the recombinant gE antigen, formulated in an MF59-biosimilar adjuvant. In na\u00efve mice, all tested NP vaccines induced higher humoral and cellular immune responses than Shingrix, among which, the gEM candidate induced the highest cellular response. In live attenuated VZV (VZV LAV)-primed mouse and rhesus macaque models, the gEM candidate elicited superior cell-mediated immunity (CMI) over Shingrix. Collectively, we demonstrated that NP technology remains a suitable tool for developing shingles vaccine, and the reported gEM construct is a highly promising candidate in the next-generation shingles vaccine development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1419634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T04:52:54Z","timestamp":1721105574000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A nanoparticle vaccine displaying varicella-zoster virus gE antigen induces a superior cellular immune response than a licensed vaccine in mice and non-human primates"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyu","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanbao","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhulong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meijuan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenqian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongjuan","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69561-5","article-title":"Varicella","volume":"368","author":"Heininger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199607043350107","article-title":"Postherpetic neuralgia\u2013pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention","volume":"335","author":"Kost","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab387","article-title":"Herpes zoster vaccines","volume":"224","author":"Harbecke","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-023-00757-0","article-title":"Healthy ageing: herpes zoster infection and the role of zoster vaccination","volume":"8","author":"Curran","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.3390\/v10110609","article-title":"Clinical features of varicella-zoster virus infection","volume":"10","author":"Kennedy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-021-00567-8","article-title":"Meta-regression of herpes zoster incidence worldwide","volume":"11","author":"Curran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S68","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy403","article-title":"Immunobiology of varicella-zoster virus infection","volume":"218","author":"Laing","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1982.00340150091016","article-title":"Immune responses to varicella-zoster in the aged","volume":"142","author":"Burke","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch Internal Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/651199","article-title":"Influence of age and nature of primary infection on varicella-zoster virus-specific cell-mediated immune responses","volume":"201","author":"Weinberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-004833","article-title":"Systematic review of incidence and complications of herpes zoster: towards a global perspective","volume":"4","author":"Kawai","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002367","article-title":"Cd4 T cell immunity is critical for the control of simian varicella virus infection in a nonhuman primate model of VZV infection","volume":"7","author":"Haberthur","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01375-18","article-title":"Reactivation of simian varicella virus in rhesus macaques after CD4 T cell depletion","volume":"93","author":"Traina-Dorge","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B13","article-title":"Association of reduced CD4 T cell responses specific to varicella zoster virus with high incidence of herpes zoster in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"31","author":"Park","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.09.031","article-title":"VZV-specific cell-mediated immunity, but not humoral immunity, correlates inversely with the incidence of herpes zoster and the severity of skin symptoms and zoster-associated pain: the shez study","volume":"37","author":"Asada","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.06.062","article-title":"Immunogenicity generated by mRNA vaccine encoding VZV ge antigen is comparable to adjuvanted subunit vaccine and better than live attenuated vaccine in nonhuman primates","volume":"38","author":"Monslow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2018.1560918","article-title":"Immune responses to zoster vaccines","volume":"15","author":"Levin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Vaccines Immunother"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2023.2263979","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of recombinant zoster vaccine: A review of real-world evidence","volume":"19","author":"Parikh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum Vaccines Immunother"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.03.043","article-title":"Safety profile of the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine: pooled analysis of two large randomised phase 3 trials","volume":"37","author":"L\u00f3pez-Fauqued","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-018-2911-0","article-title":"Recent advances in steroidal saponins biosynthesis and in vitro production","volume":"248","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60721-8","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of RTS,S\/AS01 malaria vaccine with or without a booster dose in infants and children in Africa: final results of a phase 3, individually randomised, controlled trial","volume":"386","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1501184","article-title":"Efficacy of an adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine in older adults","volume":"372","author":"Lal","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2107659","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of NVX-CoV2373 covid-19 vaccine","volume":"385","author":"Heath","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2209604","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus prefusion F protein vaccine in older adults","volume":"388","author":"Papi","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02511-4","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of malaria vaccine candidate R21\/matrix-M in African children: A multicentre, double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial","volume":"403","author":"Datoo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-022-1608-z","article-title":"Nanoparticle and virus-like particle vaccine approaches against SARS-CoV-2","volume":"60","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Microbiol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cb600489g","article-title":"Activating B cell signaling with defined multivalent ligands","volume":"2","author":"Puffer","year":"2007","journal-title":"ACS Chem Biol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines5010006","article-title":"Harnessing nanoparticles for immunomodulation and vaccines","volume":"5","author":"Gomes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.07.043","article-title":"Rational design of an epstein-barr virus vaccine targeting the receptor-binding site","volume":"162","author":"Kanekiyo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.01.046","article-title":"Induction of potent neutralizing antibody responses by a designed protein nanoparticle vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus","volume":"176","author":"Marcandalli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01425-4","article-title":"An RBD virus-like particle vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 induces cross-variant antibody responses in mice and macaques","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006032","article-title":"A trivalent virus-like particle vaccine elicits protective immune responses against seasonal influenza strains in mice and ferrets","volume":"4","author":"Ross","year":"2009","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shpsc.2017.05.004","article-title":"Biotechnology and the transformation of vaccine innovation: the case of the hepatitis B vaccines 1968-2000","volume":"64","author":"Huzair","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stud history philosophy Biol Biomed Sci"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djaa010","article-title":"Durability of cross-protection by different schedules of the bivalent HPV vaccine: the CVT trial","volume":"112","author":"Tsang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Institute"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.09.031","article-title":"A non-inferiority trial comparing two recombinant vaccines (Hepa-B vs. Engerix-B) for hepatitis B among adults in Dhaka, Bangladesh","volume":"39","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1405044","article-title":"A 9-valent HPV vaccine against infection and intraepithelial neoplasia in women","volume":"372","author":"Joura","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/171.6.1576","article-title":"Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of a recombinantly produced plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein-hepatitis B surface antigen subunit vaccine","volume":"171","author":"Gordon","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Dis"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1102287","article-title":"First results of phase 3 trial of RTS,S\/AS01 malaria vaccine in African children","volume":"365","author":"Agnandji","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00943-0","article-title":"Efficacy of a low-dose candidate malaria vaccine, R21 in adjuvant matrix-M, with seasonal administration to children in Burkina Faso: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"397","author":"Datoo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2201300","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of a recombinant plant-based adjuvanted covid-19 vaccine","volume":"386","author":"Hager","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-021-00392-7","article-title":"A SARS-CoV-2 spike ferritin nanoparticle vaccine protects hamsters against alpha and beta virus variant challenge","volume":"6","author":"Wuertz","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja910795a","article-title":"Spontaneous intermolecular amide bond formation between side chains for irreversible peptide targeting","volume":"132","author":"Zakeri","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102140","article-title":"Immunogenicity and safety of SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein nanoparticle vaccine GBP510 adjuvanted with AS03: interim results of a randomised, active-controlled, observer-blinded, phase 3 trial","volume":"64","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.02.007","article-title":"A highly conserved epitope-vaccine candidate against varicella-zoster virus induces neutralizing antibodies in mice","volume":"34","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1115485109","article-title":"Peptide tag forming a rapid covalent bond to a protein, through engineering a bacterial\u00a0adhesin","volume":"109","author":"Zakeri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf8818","article-title":"Accurate design of megadalton-scale two-component icosahedral protein complexes","volume":"353","author":"Bale","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2016.08.025","article-title":"Structure of AP205 coat protein reveals circular permutation in ssRNA bacteriophages","volume":"428","author":"Shishovs","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20040954","article-title":"Recombinant glycoprotein E of varicella zoster virus contains glycan-peptide motifs that modulate B cell epitopes into discrete immunological signatures","volume":"20","author":"Nord\u00e9n","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19234","article-title":"Plug-and-display: decoration of virus-like particles via isopeptide bonds for modular immunization","volume":"6","author":"Brune","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.07.012","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of different antibody tests for detecting varicella-zoster virus","volume":"26","author":"Otani","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.01.088","article-title":"Cell-mediated immune responses to a varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E vaccine using both a TLR agonist and QS21 in mice","volume":"30","author":"Dendouga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy095","article-title":"Immune responses to a recombinant glycoprotein E herpes zoster vaccine in adults aged 50 years or older","volume":"217","author":"Cunningham","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.10.30","article-title":"Herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia","volume":"9","author":"Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11020519","article-title":"Current methods for the detection of antibodies of varicella-zoster virus: A review","volume":"11","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.3390\/v15051109","article-title":"Virus-like particle vaccines and platforms for vaccine development","volume":"15","author":"Kheirvari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2018.1495301","article-title":"Immunology and efficacy of MF59-adjuvanted vaccines","volume":"14","author":"Ko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Vaccines Immunother"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01760","article-title":"As03- and MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccines in children","volume":"8","author":"Wilkins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.18445","article-title":"Superior immunogenicity of seasonal influenza vaccines containing full dose of MF59 (\u00ae) adjuvant: results from a dose-finding clinical trial in older adults","volume":"8","author":"Della Cioppa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Vaccines Immunother"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2019.1578216","article-title":"Immunological basis for enhanced immunity of nanoparticle vaccines","volume":"18","author":"Kelly","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3811","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03798-3","article-title":"Nanoassembly routes stimulate conflicting antibody quantity and quality for transmission-blocking malaria vaccines","volume":"7","author":"Leneghan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247963","article-title":"Construction, characterization, and immunization of nanoparticles that display a diverse array of influenza HA trimers","volume":"16","author":"Cohen","year":"2021","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.5.3148","article-title":"Size-dependent immunogenicity: therapeutic and protective properties of nano-vaccines against tumors1","volume":"173","author":"Fifis","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2022.100899","article-title":"Non-canonical inflammasome activation mediates the adjuvanticity of nanoparticles","volume":"4","author":"Mu\u00f1oz-Wolf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-022-00547-0","article-title":"Cd4 T cell epitope abundance in ferritin core potentiates responses to hemagglutinin nanoparticle vaccines","volume":"7","author":"Nelson","year":"2022","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1422923112","article-title":"Controlled analysis of nanoparticle charge on mucosal and systemic antibody responses following pulmonary immunization","volume":"112","author":"Fromen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja2108905","article-title":"Nanoparticle hydrophobicity dictates immune response","volume":"134","author":"Moyano","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-021-00163-y","article-title":"Emerging concepts in the science of vaccine adjuvants","volume":"20","author":"Pulendran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-021-00418-0","article-title":"World in motion\u201d - emulsion adjuvants rising to meet the pandemic challenges","volume":"6","author":"O\u2019Hagan","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.776933","article-title":"Increased B cell selection stringency in germinal centers can explain improved covid-19 vaccine efficacies with low dose prime or delayed boost","volume":"12","author":"Garg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0b013e31818f13c4","article-title":"Virus-like particle (VLP) lymphatic trafficking and immune response generation after immunization by different routes","volume":"32","author":"Cubas","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunother"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103312","article-title":"Innate immunity mediates follicular transport of particulate but not soluble protein antigen","volume":"188","author":"Link","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/mp500589c","article-title":"Rapid and persistent delivery of antigen by lymph node targeting print nanoparticle vaccine carrier to promote humoral immunity","volume":"12","author":"Mueller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Pharm"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1086\/375828","article-title":"Identification of CD8+ T cell epitopes in the immediate early 62 protein (IE62) of varicella-zoster virus, and evaluation of frequency of CD8+ T cell response to IE62, by use of IE62 peptides after varicella vaccination","volume":"188","author":"Frey","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2014.08.003","article-title":"Influenza virus-like particle vaccines made in nicotiana benthamiana elicit durable, poly-functional and cross-reactive T cell responses to influenza HA antigens","volume":"154","author":"Landry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1419634\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T04:52:59Z","timestamp":1721105579000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1419634\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"references-count":73,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1419634"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1419634","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"article-number":"1419634"}}