{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T16:55:34Z","timestamp":1792688134823,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article presents three detailed case reports and a brief review of the literature on a rare manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) known as Pseudo-Pseudo Meigs' Syndrome (PPMS). The patients' condition was characterized by elevated CA-125 levels, massive ascites andpleural effusion which is typically associated with ovarian malignancies but can also present in various non-malignant conditions, including SLE. A thorough literature review was conducted, summarizing similar cases and their clinical outcomes to provide a broader understanding of this uncommon syndrome.  The findings emphasize the need for heightened awareness and consideration of pseudo-pseudo Meigs' syndrome in patients with SLE presenting with unexplained ascites and pleural effusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1423631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T00:32:45Z","timestamp":1721089965000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Case report: Three cases of systemic lupus erythematosus presenting primarily with massive ascites and significantly elevated CA-125 levels and a review of pseudo-pseudo Meigs\u2019 syndrome in literature"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Qiyu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bailing","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400928","article-title":"Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"40","author":"Hochberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100670170088","article-title":"Hypercalcaemia in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"20","author":"Berar-Yanay","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-185X.2011.01659.x","article-title":"Massive ascites as a presenting feature of lupus","volume":"15","author":"Prasad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.01558.x","article-title":"Rapid onset of massive ascites as the initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"95","author":"Weinstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/ASO.2003.05.015","article-title":"Cancer antigen 125 associated with multiple benign and Malignant pathologies","volume":"10","author":"Miralles","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.2002.6708","article-title":"Current status of the molecular characterization of the ovarian cancer antigen CA125 and implications for its use in clinical screening","volume":"88","author":"Whitehouse","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reuma.2017.04.003","article-title":"Tjalma syndrome (pseudo-pseudo Meigs') as initial manifestation of juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"15","author":"Torres Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(54)90258-6","article-title":"Fibroma of the ovary with ascites and hydrothorax; 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