{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T02:35:00Z","timestamp":1787798100543,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007937","name":"Peking University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007937","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gout is a common type of inflammatory arthritis. Vitamin C is a potent antioxidant that neutralizes reactive oxygen species. However, the association between dietary vitamin C levels and gout remains unclear. This study evaluated the relationship between dietary vitamin C intake and gout.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional data from individuals aged &amp;gt; 20 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2013 and 2018 were collected. Details on gout, dietary vitamin C intake, and several other essential variables were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were 12589 participants, 5% (652\/12589) of whom experienced gout. Compared with individuals with lower vitamin C consumption in the Q1 group (\u226419.9 mg\/day), the adjusted odds ratio(OR)values for dietary vitamin C intake and gout in the Q2 group (19.9\u201349.7 mg\/day), Q3 group (49.7\u2013110.375 mg\/day), and Q4 group (\u2265110.375 mg\/day) were 0.87 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69\u20131.1,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.237), 0.81 (95% CI: 0.64\u20131.02,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.076), and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.6\u20130.99,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.042), respectively. Accordingly, the association between dietary vitamin C intake and gout exhibited an L-shaped curve (nonlinear,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.245) in a restricted cubic spline. Subgroup analysis revealed significant interactions between vitamin C levels and gout according to sex (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05). When we used data on dietary vitamin C from the second survey, we observed a similar inverse association between vitamin C intake and gout. The vitamin C was also negatively associated with hyperuricemia (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.9\u20130.98,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.005). Compared with Q1, the adjusted OR values for dietary vitamin C and hyperuricemia in Q2, Q3, and Q4 were 0.77 (95% CI: 0.69\u20130.86,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.65), 0.81 (95% CI: 0.72\u20130.91,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.014), and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.64\u20130.81,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001), respectively. No association was observed between vitamin C supplementation and gout.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The population-based data indicate that dietary vitamin C intake is inversely associated with gout. These findings support the potential role of vitamin C in preventing gout.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1431323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T00:25:57Z","timestamp":1726187157000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Association between dietary vitamin C intake and gout among American adults"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yadan","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengguang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1001124","article-title":"Clinical practice","volume":"364","author":"Neogi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gout. N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.11390","article-title":"Association between gout flare and subsequent cardiovascular events among patients with gout","volume":"328","author":"Cipolletta","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41404","article-title":"Prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability due to gout and its attributable risk factors for 195 countries and territories 1990-2017: A systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2017","volume":"72","author":"Safiri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21105","article-title":"The effects of vitamin C supplementation on serum concentrations of uric acid: results of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"52","author":"Huang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24180","article-title":"2020 American college of rheumatology guideline for the management of gout","volume":"72","author":"FitzGerald","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6133\/apjcn.202009_29(3).0021","article-title":"Dietary and nutritional factors associated with hyperuricemia: The seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"29","author":"So","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1CP01504D","article-title":"The miscibility and solubility of uric acid and vitamin C in the solution phase and their structural alignment in the solid-liquid interface","volume":"23","author":"Chattaraj","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Chem Chem Phys"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12010","article-title":"The interplay between diet, urate transporters and the risk for gout and hyperuricemia: current and future directions","volume":"15","author":"Torralba","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-023-02792-1","article-title":"Vitamin C transporter SVCT1 serves a physiological role as a urate importer: functional analyses and in vivo investigations","volume":"475","author":"Toyoda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020701","article-title":"Role of vitamin C in prophylaxis and treatment of gout-A literature review","volume":"13","author":"Brzezinska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9070718","article-title":"Protective role for antioxidants in acute kidney disease","volume":"9","author":"Dennis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.02.141","article-title":"TXNIP-mediated nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway and intracellular shifting of TXNIP in uric acid-induced NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"511","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"B13","first-page":"1","article-title":"National health and nutrition examination survey: plan and operations, 1999-2010","volume":"56","author":"Zipf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat 1"},{"key":"B14","article-title":"Vitamin C intake and serum uric acid concentration in men","volume":"35","author":"Gao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14065","article-title":"Dietary magnesium and migraine in adults: A cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2004","volume":"61","author":"Slavin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.653765","article-title":"Dietary intake of calcium and magnesium in relation to severe headache or migraine","volume":"8","author":"Meng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.685564","article-title":"Association between dietary iron intake and serum ferritin and severe headache or migraine","volume":"8","author":"Meng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20519","article-title":"Effect of oral vitamin C supplementation on serum uric acid: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"63","author":"Juraschek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqac140","article-title":"Effects of vitamin C supplementation on gout risk: results from the Physicians\u2019 Health Study II trial","volume":"116","author":"Juraschek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37925","article-title":"Clinically insignificant effect of supplemental vitamin C on serum urate in patients with gout: a pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"65","author":"Stamp","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0287352","article-title":"Associations between vitamin C intake and serum uric acid in US adults: Findings from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2016","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5114284","article-title":"Synthetic or food-derived vitamin C\u2013are they equally bioavailable","volume":"5","author":"Carr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2017.11.006","article-title":"Dietary vitamin C in human health","volume":"83","author":"Granger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Food Nutr Res"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.171318198","article-title":"A new recommended dietary allowance of vitamin C for healthy young women","volume":"98","author":"Levine","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-012-0307-x","article-title":"Racial and gender disparities among patients with gout","volume":"15","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-018-0398-y","article-title":"Dietary patterns of university students in the UK: a cross-sectional study","volume":"17","author":"Sprake","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/19485565.2016.1262238","article-title":"Gender and health behavior clustering among U.S. Young adults","volume":"63","author":"Olson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biodemography Soc Biol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr140","article-title":"Evaluation and comparison of food records, recalls, and frequencies for energy and protein assessment by using recovery biomarkers","volume":"174","author":"Prentice","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg092","article-title":"Using intake biomarkers to evaluate the extent of dietary misreporting in a large sample of adults: the OPEN study","volume":"158","author":"Subar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1431323\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T00:26:04Z","timestamp":1726187164000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1431323\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1431323"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1431323","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"article-number":"1431323"}}