{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T15:39:10Z","timestamp":1784734750412,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The early transcription unit 3 (E3) of human adenoviruses (HAdVs) encodes several immunoevasins, including the E3\/49K protein, which is unique for species D of HAdVs. It is expressed as surface transmembrane protein and shed. E3\/49K of HAdV-D64 binds to the protein tyrosine phosphatase surface receptor CD45, thereby modulating activation of T and NK cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Considering that E3\/49K represents the most polymorphic viral protein among species D HAdVs, we demonstrate here that all tested E3\/49K orthologs bind to the immunologically important regulator CD45. Thus, this feature is conserved regardless of the pathological associations of the respective HAdV types.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>It appeared that modulation of CD45 is a unique property restricted to HAdVs of species D. Moreover, E3\/49K treatment inhibited B cell receptor (BCR) signaling and impaired BCR signal phenotypes. The latter were highly comparable to B cells having defects in the expression of CD45, suggesting E3\/49K as a potential tool to investigate CD45 specific functions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified B cells as new direct target of E3\/49K-mediated immune modulation, representing a novel viral immunosubversive mechanism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1432226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T15:06:35Z","timestamp":1722351995000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Inhibition of B cell receptor signaling induced by the human adenovirus species D E3\/49K 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